Environmental performances of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) cultivated in fertile and marginal lands: A case study in the Mediterranean |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant''Anna, via S. Cecilia, 3 56127 Pisa, Italy;2. Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant''Anna, P.zza Martiri delle Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy;3. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Universita di Pisa, V. del Borghetto, 80, Pisa, Italy;1. Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, K?dainiai distr., LT-58344, Lithuania;2. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Akademija, Kaunas LT-53361, Lithuania;3. Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, K?dainiai distr., LT-58344, Lithuania;1. Gruppo Ricicla, Di.S.A.A., Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratory, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy;2. Di.S.A.A., Genetic Laboratory, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy;1. Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 7033, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, P.O. Box 7043, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;4. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Environment, P.O. Box 7014, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;2. Department of Engineering, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;3. Dept. of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alicante, P.O.Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain;1. Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy;2. Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnical Building, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) tend to have a high yield combined with a low environmental impact. Cultivation in marginal or poorly cultivated land is recommended in order not to compromise food security and to overcome land use controversies. However, the environmental impacts of using different types of soil are still unclear. We thus assessed the environmental impact of two giant reed (GR) systems cultivated in a fertile soil (FS) and in a marginal soil (MS) through a cradle-to-plant gate LCA. We analyzed energy balance, GHG emissions (including LUC, not including iLUC), and the main impacts on air, water and soil quality. In both systems the annualized soil carbon sequestration was more than twofold the total GHG emitted, equal to ?6464 kg CO2eq ha?1 in FS and ?5757 kg CO2eq ha?1 in MS. Overall, soil characteristics affected not only GR yield level, but also its environmental impact, which seems to be higher in the MS system both on a hectare and tonne basis. The production of GR biomass in marginal soil could thus lead to higher environmental impacts and a more extensive land requirement. |
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| Keywords: | Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) Fertile soil Marginal soil Carbon sequestration Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) Life cycle assessment (LCA) |
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