Effects of different soil conservation tillage approaches on soil nutrients,water use and wheat-maize yield in rainfed dry-land regions of North China |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China;2. Wheat Research Center of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China;3. Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang, 471024, China;1. Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;2. Department of Engineering, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro B2 N 5E3, Canada;3. Xinyang College of Agriculture And Forestry, Xinyang 464000, China;4. Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian 463000, China;5. Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China;1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;2. Department of Soil Science Engineering, College of Soil and Water Engineering, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;2. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;3. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;4. College of Resource and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;5. International Crops Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics(ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, India;1. Shanxi Agricultural University, Collage of Agriculture, Taigu 030801, China;2. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro–ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | Excessive tillage compromises soil quality by causing severe water shortages that can lead to crop failure. Reports on the effects of conservation tillage on major soil nutrients, water use efficiency and gain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in rainfed regions in the North China Plain are relatively scarce. In this work, four tillage approaches were tested from 2004 to 2012 in a randomized study performed in triplicate: one conventional tillage and three conservation tillage experiments with straw mulching (no tillage during wheat and maize seasons, subsoiling during the maize season but no tillage during the wheat season, and ridge planting during both wheat and maize seasons). Compared with conventional tillage, by 2012, eight years of conservation tillage treatments (no tillage, subsoiling and ridge planting) resulted in a significant increase in available phosphorus in topsoil (0–0.20 m), by 3.8%, 37.8% and 36.9%, respectively. Soil available potassium was also increased following conservation tillage, by 13.6%, 37.5% and 25.0%, and soil organic matter by 0.17%, 5.65% and 4.77%, while soil total nitrogen was altered by −2.33%, 4.21% and 1.74%, respectively. Meanwhile, all three conservation tillage approaches increased water use efficiency, by 19.1–28.4% (average 24.6%), 10.1–23.8% (average 15.9%) and 11.2–20.7% (average 15.7%) in wheat, maize and annual, respectively. Additionally, wheat yield was increased by 7.9–12.0% (average 10.3%), maize yield by 13.4–24.6% (average 17.4%) and rotation annual yield by 12.3–16.9% (average 14.1%). Overall, our findings demonstrate that subsoiling and ridge planting with straw mulching performed better than conventional tillage for enhancing major soil nutrients and improving grain yield and water use efficiency in rainfed regions in the North China Plain. |
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| Keywords: | Tillage approach Dry-land planting Wheat and maize rotation system Topsoil nutrients Water use efficiency Crop production |
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