关于我国苹果育种研究工作的几点想法

概述了世界上一些主要苹果生产国家,包括美国、加拿大、日本、英国、法国、荷兰、德国、新西兰、澳大利亚等的苹果育种概况和取得的成就,并回顾了我国苹果育种的成就。作者根据自己对国际上目前盛行栽培和发展的苹果品种以及我国培育的苹果新品种的了解,认为我国近些年来发表的一些品种,如华冠、华帅、华红、寒富、新帅、新苹等,都具有优质、丰产、耐贮、适应性广的特点,并且有的在品质上并不比现在国际上盛行发展的富士,布瑞拜,乔纳金,新红星差。对于这些品种,作者认为应积极开展品种区域试验,与这些国际上的热门品种进行较量,以确定它们在国内和国际上的推广价值。为了尽快培育出我国超国际水平的苹果新品种,建议扩大全国苹果育种中心机构,统一制定育种计划,利用我国已培育出的前述的几个优质品种与一些国外的实践证明为优良杂交亲本的品种进行重复杂交,加速我国苹果育种步伐。

Some ideas about the apple breeding in China

In this article the apple cultivar and rootstock breeding in the USA, Canada, Japan, Britain, France, Holland, Germany, New Zealand and Australia are briefly introduced. The apple cultivar and rootstock breeding in China are also briefly reviewed. Among the many cultivars bred in China, judged by the integrated biological and fruit characteristics and compared with the current international hot cultivars it is believed that Huaguan, Huashuai, Huahong, Hanfu, Xinping 1 and Xinshuai are all very promising apple cultivars, even some of them may be much better than some of the popular ones in the apple world. All of these cultivars need normal trials with the world hot cultivars to be strictly evaluated, only through this way the value of such cultivars can be identified. For breeding new super apple cultivars the traditional artificial cross method should still be the best way to be used, but at the same time actively paying the research on using gene engineering biotechnology. Some presumable cross combinations are suggested.