套种韭菜配施生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病及土壤微生物的影响

通过田间试验,研究了香蕉套种韭菜和配施生物有机肥对香蕉生长、香蕉枯萎病、土壤微生物以及土壤酶的影响。结果表明,香蕉套种韭菜及配施生物有机肥均对香蕉枯萎病有显著的防病效果,以有机肥+香蕉单作(A1B1)处理的防病效果为0,有机肥+香蕉与韭菜套作(A1B2)、生物有机肥+香蕉单作(A2B1)和生物有机肥+香蕉与韭菜套作(A2B2)处理的防病效果分别达到13.6%、18.7%和45.2%;香蕉套种韭菜及配施生物有机肥均对香蕉生长有显著的促进作用,A2B2对香蕉生长促进效果最佳,香蕉移栽240d后,株高、叶宽、茎围和产量比A1B1分别提高了20.0%、6.6%、10.6%和55.6%。施用生物有机肥后土壤细菌和放线菌数量的增加、真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量的减少达到了显著水平;香蕉套种韭菜处理的土壤细菌含量显著增加,放线菌、真菌和尖孢镰刀菌含量显著降低。香蕉套种韭菜处理的土壤酶活性均显著高于香蕉单作,配施生物有机肥后土壤酶活性得到进一步增强。

Effects of Allium tuberosum Interplanting and Bio-organic Fertilizer Application on Banana Wilt Disease and Soil Microorganisms

It has been well known that interplanting could reduce plant diseases. In this experiment, the effects of allium tuberosum interplanting and bio-organic fertilizer application on banana Fusarium wilt disease, soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities were examined under field conditions. Results showed that banana disease index was significantly reduced by applying bio-organic fertilizer and interplanting allium tuberosum. Compared with A1B1, the disease controlling efficiency was 13.60%, 18.70% and 45.23% for A1B2, A2B1, and A2B2, respectively. Banana growth was significantly promoted by both interplanting allium tuberosum and applying bio-organic fertilizer. The greatest treatment effects were observed in A2B2, with stem length, leaf width, stem girth, and banana yield being increased by 20.01%, 6.58%, 10.56% and 55.56%, respectively, relative to the control. Applications of bio-organic fertilizer increased the population of bacteria and actinomyces in soil, but decreased that of soil fungi and Fusarium oxysporum. Interplanting banana with allium tuberosum increased the number of bacteria in soil, while significantly reduced that of fungi, actinomyces and Fusarium oxysporum. Soil enzyme activities were higher under allium tuberosum interplanting than banana alone. Bio-organic fertilizer could further increase the activities of soil enzymes.