不同花生品种(系)荚果和子仁内源激素含量变化与干物质积累特征分析

以3个荚果和子仁生长发育正常的花生栽培品种(系)和种子皱缩变异品系05D677为材料，测定其荚果和子仁生长发育过程中激素含量与干物质积累变化特征，分析其内源激素含量变化与干物质积累关系，探讨变异品系05D677中内源激素含量变化对荚果和子仁生长发育的影响。主要结果如下：(1)果针入土24~60 d是荚果和子仁干物质快速积累期，期间山花15、05D610和白沙1016荚果干物质积累速率(_PK_W)平均值与子仁干物质积累速率(_KK_W)平均值均极显著大于05D677；3个正常品种(系)_PK_W和_KK_W最大值均出现在果针入土30 d，05D677出现在果针入土36 d。(2)4个品种(系)幼果或子仁内细胞分裂素(Z+ZR)、赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)含量变化趋势基本相同，其中05D677的GA含量峰值出现时间比3个正常品种(系)晚6 d；05D677的Z+ZR、GA、ABA含量最高值均极显著低于3个正常品种(系)，其IAA含量最高值极显著高于3个正常品种(系)。(3)荚果膨大中后期，_PK_W和_KK_W与Z+ZR、GA、ABA含量呈极显著正相关，与IAA呈极显著负相关；荚果充实初期，Z+ZR含量与_PK_W和_KK_W呈极显著正相关；GA含量在荚果充实后期和成熟期与_PK_W呈极显著正相关；ABA含量在荚果充实后期与_PK_W和_KK_W均呈极显著负相关，在成熟期与_PK_W呈极显著正相关。(4)与3个荚果和子仁发育正常的品种(系)相比较，05D677幼果迅速膨大期和子仁充实初期的IAA含量明显升高，且Z+ZR、GA和ABA含量不足可能引起内源激素比例失衡，影响荚果和子仁的生长，致使荚果和子仁发育进程延迟、干物质积累速率的极显著降低，表现为收获时荚果充实度差，种子皱缩。

Dynamic Changes of Endogenous Hormones Content and Dry Matter Accumulation of Pods and Kernels in Different Varieties (Lines) of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Endogenous hormones play important roles in plant growth and development , and yield formation. To reveal the relationship between dry matter accumulation and hormones content in developing pods and kernels, we conducted an experiment using three peanut varieties (lines) with normal seeds and one wrinkled mutant line 05D677. The main results were as follows: (1) The period of 24–60 days after peg penetration was a rapid dry weight accumulation phase, during which the average of both pod dry matter accumulation rate (_PK_W) and the corresponding kernel dry matter accumulation rate (_KK_W) of Shanhua 15, 05D610 and Baisha 1016 was significantly higher than that of 05D677; the _PK_W and _KK_W of the three normal varieties peaked at 30 days, different from those of 05D677 at 36 days. (2) The four varieties shared much the same dynamic changes trends of cytokinin (Z+ZR), gibberellin (GA), auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the young pods or kernels. However, GA content of 05D677 peaked six days later than that of other three normal varieties; the peak values of Z+ZR, GA and ABA contents of 05D677 were all very significantly lower than those of other three, while the opposite result was discovered as to IAA content. (3) In the middle and late periods of pod expansion, Z+ZR, GA and ABA contents were in very significantly positive correlation with _PK_W and _KK_W, while the opposite for IAA content. Z+ZR content had very significantly positive correlation with _PK_W and _KK_W in the early pod filling period, and the same result was found between GA content and _PK_W in the late filling and mature period. ABA content had very significantly negative correlation with _PK_W and _KK_W in the late pod filling, while had a very significantly positive correlation with _PK_W in the mature period. (4) Compared with other three normal cultivars, IAA content of 05D677 was significantly increased in the early pod and kernel expansion period accompanied by insufficient Z+ZR, GA and ABA contents, and the proportion imbalances of endogenous hormones possibly led to development process delay and significantly reduced dry matter accumulation rate of pods and kernels, which may be the reason for plumpness shortage and shrink seeds of 05D677.