长三角地区蔬菜生产的活性氮损失和温室气体排放估算

基于相关统计数据,本文采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,研究了长三角地区三省一市蔬菜生产的活性氮损失和温室气体排放。结果表明:长三角地区蔬菜生产的活性氮损失和温室气体排放潜值较高,2012—2016年平均分别为103 kg N·hm^-2和5930 kg CO2-eq·hm^-2;不同年份间活性氮损失和温室气体排放差异显著,2015年活性氮损失和温室气体排放潜值最低,分别为95 kg N·hm^-2和5618 kg CO2-eq·hm^-2,其活性氮损失和温室气体排放潜值分别较其他年份低6.5%~12.3%和3.5%~9.0%;5 a平均活性氮损失和温室气体排放潜值露地蔬菜分别为106 kg N·hm^-2和5157 kg CO2-eq·hm^-2;设施蔬菜分别为93 kg N·hm^-2和8760 kg CO2-eq·hm^-2;与该区其他省市蔬菜生产相比,浙江5 a平均活性氮损失低2.8%~13.7%,安徽温室气体排放潜值低1.4%~10.7%。针对蔬菜生产高氮肥投入、活性氮损失以及温室气体排放问题,在田间管理时可采取控制氮肥用量、优化施用氮肥、合理使用增效氮肥等措施。

Estimation of reactive nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions from vegetable production in Yangtze River Delta, China

In this study, reactive nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions from vegetable production in three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region were studied using life cycle assessments(LCAs)based on relevant statistical data. The results showed that reactive nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions from vegetable production were relatively high,with average values of 103 kg N·hm^-2 and 5 930 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2 respectively, during 2012 to 2016. Furthermore,significant differences existed in reactive nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions between different years. The lowest values were measured in 2015, namely 95.0 kg N·hm^-2 and 5 618 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2,which were 6.5%~12.3% and 3.5%~9.0% lower than those in other years, respectively. The average reactive nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions in open-field and greenhouse vegetables system were 106 kg N·hm^-2 and 5 157 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2, and 93 kg N·hm^-2 and 8 760 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2 respectively. The average reactive nitrogen loss in Zhejiang Province was 2.8%~13.7% lower than that in other Provinces, and greenhouse gas emissions in Anhui Province were 1.4%~10.7% lower than that in other provinces in the study region. The following mitigation measures for high nitrogen fertilizer input, reactive nitrogen loss, and greenhouse gas emissions from vegetable production can be taken:controlling or optimizing nitrogen fertilizer application rate and applying higher-efficiency fertilizer during field experimental management.