The Ecology of Patella From the Cape Peninsula South Africa

Forty-six species were recorded in association with Patella spp., but most of these are casual associates, seeking temporary shelter. The shell surface offers an important substrate for algae.

The amphipod Hyale grandicornis is often associated with Patella, particularly in the juvenile stages. It is a facultative inquiline which vacates its hosts at high tide. The isopods Dynamenella australis and D. scabricula are predominantly associated with limpets and complete their life cycles under limpets. Choice chamber experiments demonstrate their preference for sheltering under limpets. The copepod Scutellidium patellarum is similar, but the association is more marked.

Calliopiella michaelseni (Amphipoda) is commensal and show a preference for certain limpet species. Its colour changes in relation to the host species. Feeding occurs on limpet faeces and algal fragments. The life cycle is completed under the limpet, two reproductive peaks occurring each year. Adults usually occur in pairs and there is a positive correlation between host and amphipod size. Juveniles remain with their parents initially, and then disperse to other limpets. Adult pairs may defend their host, excluding other amphipods. Calliopiella is strongly photonegative and thigmotactic.

The turbellarian Notoplanapatellarum is preferentially commensal with Patella oculus. This can be experimentally demonstrated. It feeds on small Crustacea, including Scutellidium.