极端困难立地植被综合恢复技术研究

近年来．我国的森林覆盖率大幅度提高．生态环境明显改善。因此煤矸石山废弃地极端困难立地的植被恢复问题成了今后造林的主要任务。为了筛选出适合煤矸石山废弃地的造林树种和复垦措施，在辽宁省抚顺市,研究了不同植物在煤矸石山造林成活率、土壤化学性质随复垦年限的变化，以及复垦措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：（1）不同植物在煤矸石山废弃地的成活率在21％～85％之间，其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81％和85％，而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70％左右，（2）植被能明显提高煤矸石山废弃地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量，但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和复垦年限的不同而不同，（3）在同一土层，生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（P〈0．01），并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（P〈0．01）；只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高，（4）生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐，栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量，但保水剂的提高程度最高。

A Study on Vegetation Restoration Technique in Extreme Difficult Sites

In China,forest coverage has been enhanced by a big margin and ecological environment has been obviously improved.Thus the vegetation restoration in sites the most difficult to be afforested in a coal pile wasteland becomes the main tasks for foresters.In order to screen out the species and reclamation measures adaptive to coal pile wasteland,The survival rate of different plants,the effects of vegetation and different reclamation measures on soil chemical properties,the effects of different reclamation measures on DBH and tree height net growth of per year were studied in Fushun city,Liaoning province.The results showed that(1) The survival rate of different plant was from 21% to 85%.The survival rate of Ulmus pumila and Astragalus adsurgens was 81% and 85% respectively and that of Populus simionii,Robinia pseudoacacia and Rekoelreuteria panaiculata was about 70%.(2) Vegetation can improve the contents of organic matter,total N,P_2O_5 in different soil depths,but the degree of improvement changed with soil depths,nutrient varieties and reclamation time.(3) At the same soil depth,Biological compound fertilizers,biopreparate,absorbent polymers can improve the contents of organic matter and decrease that of P_2O_5;Only absorbent polymers can result in the increase of soil total kalium contents;(4) Biological compound fertilizers,biopreparate,absorbent polymer can increase the DBH and height net growth of per year,but effect degree of absorbent polymer is the highest.