竹筴鱼去脏加工用剖切刀具的优化试验

为了降低去脏过程中鱼肉损伤,增加内脏去除率,以生产加工用具有典型形态特征参数的竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)为试验对象,以剖切刀盘外径、刀盘齿形构造、刀盘旋向、刀盘厚度、刀盘转速等为主要因素,利用自制的小杂鱼去脏试验平台研究了其对竹筴鱼去脏效果的影响。结果表明采用无齿圆盘刀剖切竹筴鱼效果最佳,剖面光滑而平整,去脏后鱼体得率及可接受性评分值较高;相同转速条件下,刀盘逆向剖切其去脏效果优于顺向剖切,刀盘高转速剖切明显优于低转速剖切;刀盘外径为190.0 mm时对竹筴鱼去脏效果最佳,可接受性评分可达到9.68;当剖切刀盘厚度小于3.0 mm时,对竹筴鱼去脏后得率的影响差异不显著,随着剖切刀盘厚度的增加,竹筴鱼剖切去脏过程中鱼体质量损失逐渐增加。正交试验表明:刀盘外径190.0 mm、刀盘厚度3.0 mm、刀盘转速1 100.0 r/min时,可达到可接受性评分和鱼体得率的最大值,能满足去脏加工的工艺要求。该研究可为小型鱼类去脏机剖切机构的研制提供依据。

Optimization of slitting cutters used for gutting Trachurus japonicus

Abstract: An experimental study on mechanized gutting for Trachurus japonicus was conducted, faced with equipment shortages for the pre-processing of trash fish. A self-developed test platform was employed for slitting Trachurus japonicus to avoid fish damage and increase the gut removal rate in the gutting process. Preliminary studies showed that the parameters of the slitting cutters had a significant effect on the gutting process of trash fish. In addition, the subsequent operations of gutting were directly determined by the slitting process. The various trash fish gutting operations should be equipped with different parameters of slitting cutters to achieve the best gutting effect. The relationships between gutting effect and cutter external diameter, cutter tooth structure, cutter rotation direction, cutter thickness, and cutter rotation speed were studied. The results showed that cutter external diameter, cutter thickness, and cutter rotation speed were the key factors in the gutting process of Trachurus japonicus. Using a toothless disc cutter had the best slitting effect that could achieve a smooth and flat slitting surface and a higher getting proportion. Under the same conditions, converse slitting had a better effect than consequent slitting, while a high rotation speed was better than a low rotation speed. When the slitting cutter's external diameter was 190.0 mm, it had a better acceptability evaluation of 9.68. The getting proportion had no significance when the thickness of cutter was less than 3.0 mm. With the increasing of the cutter's thickness, there was a tendency of growing weight loss of trash fish during the gutting process, which led to a lower getting proportion. An orthogonal test showed that: The best parameters of the gutting process of Trachurus japonicus were: cutter external diameter 190.0 mm, cutter thickness 3.0 mm, and cutter rotation speed 1 100.0 r/min. Under these conditions, the maximum value of acceptability evaluation and getting proportion of gutting effect was achieved, and thus it could meet the needs of the gutting process. The productivity of a mechanized processing method was 8-12 times as much as the productivity of a manual processing method. The study also showed that the gutting effect was closely relevant to the size and body characteristics of the trash fish, so their pre-processing required a heavy workload. However, replacing the manual gutting process with the mechanical gutting process could be achieved through proper size grading and the development of a general fish gutting device with the optimization of slitting cutter parameters. This study can provide reference for the design of gutting equipment for trash fish.