基于四象限法的县域高标准基本农田建设布局与模式

高标准基本农田建设是土地整治规划的重要组成部分,需要综合考虑耕地的基本条件和所在区域的社会经济建设适宜性。为了提高高标准基本农田建设布局的科学性及合理性,该文以广东省五华县为例,首先对耕地质量与高标准基本农田建设适宜性进行了评价,其中,耕地质量从立地条件、耕地物理性状、耕地化学性状及利用条件4个方面选择评价指标。高标准基本农田建设适宜性从农田基础条件、区域社会经济综合条件及群众意愿等方面选择评价指标,据评价结果分析了五华县耕地质量等级分布的不同及高标准基本农田建设适宜程度的差距及其原因。在此基础上,采用四象限法对高标准基本农田的建设区域进行了划分,其中,"高质量高适宜"区域的耕地面积为15 460.51 hm2,占到五华县耕地总面积的37.65%,"高质量低适宜"区域的耕地面积为8 771.85 hm2,占耕地总面积的21.36%,"低质量高适宜"区域的耕地面积为7 508.73 hm2,占耕地总面积的22.71%。在对3个区域的耕地限制性因素、基本农田分布情况进行分析的基础上,提出了基本农田的空间调整措施及高标准基本农田建设的建设模式及建设方向。研究结果可为县域土地整治规划和高标准基本农田建设提供科学依据。

Layout and mode partition of high-standard basic farmland construction at county level based on four-quadrant method

Abstract: In order to improve the scientificity and rationality of the construction of high-standard basic farmland, this paper explored the layout pattern of high-standard basic farmland construction at county level using four- quadrant method, taking Wuhua County, Guangdong province as an example. By improving the comprehensive productivity of cultivated land and agricultural production conditions, the high-standard basic farmland construction has been playing a key role for the food security of China. The high-standard basic farmland construction is an important part of the local land consolidation plan, therefore, both of the basic condition of cultivated land and the social and economic suitability must be taken into account simultaneously in the high-standard basic farmland construction. This paper evaluated the cultivated land quality from site conditions, physical properties, chemical properties and utilization condition of cultivated land, and evaluated the construction suitability of high-standard basic farmland from infrastructure conditions, regional economic conditions and the desire of the farmers. In the process of evaluation, the selected evaluation factors were first given different weights and then were quantified, and finally comprehensive evaluation on each evaluation unit was made. The results shows that both of the cultivated land quality and the suitability of high-standard basic farmland are higher value along the Wuhua river and Qinjiang region in Wuhua County, and decrease gradually with the increase of the distance to this region. The quality of cultivated land along the river is relatively higher because of the better irrigation condition, more fertilizer application and longer cultivating history along with land improvement. At the same time, the economic conditions and infrastructure conditions in this region are better than other regions. The regions along the river are also the important area of basic farmland, so the cultivated land in this region is relatively suitable for high-standard basic farmland construction. In our study, the cultivated land quality is divided into high quality and low quality, and the suitability of high-standard basic farmland is divided into high suitability and low suitability. Based on four-quadrant method, four zones of high-standard basic farmland are divided, namely high quality and high suitability (HQHS) zone, high quality and low suitability (HQLS) zone, low quality and high suitability (LQHS) zone and low quality and low suitability (LQLS) zone. The area of HQHS zone is 15 460.51 hm2, accounting for 37.65% of the total area of cultivated land; the area of HQLS zone is 8771.85 hm2, accounting for 21.36%, and the area of LQHS zone is 7 508.73 hm2, accounting for 22.71%. In the end, the limiting factors and the distribution of farmland of each area are analyzed. Based on these, the spatial adjustment method of farmland and the layout pattern of high-standard basic farmland construction are proposed, and the corresponding building mode is advised. This research provides a scientific basis for the consolidation plan and construction programs of high-standard basic farmland. It's also a reference for the potential analysis of high-standard basic farmland construction at county level.