基于遗传算法的轴流泵优化设计

针对轴流泵进行水力性能设计和优化,在满足设计要求的基础上,实现泵机组水力性能的提升.在优化过程中,控制叶片安放角为优化参数,采用遗传算法及二进制编码对轴流泵进行优化.在遗传操作过程中,以水力效率为优化目标函数,借助计算流体动力学对目标函数进行求解.根据验证结果可见,优化之后,轴流泵的水力性能得到提高并达到设计要求工况,其水力效率从81.68%提高到86.19%,扬程从3.73 m提高到4.56 m.通过流动分析得出,优化之后,由于叶片吸力面与压力面之间的压力差增大,水泵扬程得以提升.根据对水力损失的分析得出,由于泵内水力损失的减小,水泵的效率明显提高.同时,最优效率点移动到设计工况,高效区明显扩大.所采用的数学优化方法能够快速有效的对轴流泵进行优化设计,在原有设计方案的基础上,可有效地进行水力性能的提升.

Optimization design for axial pump based on genetic algorithm

Hydrodynamics design and optimization were conducted for an axial pump impeller.The optimization target was to improving the hydraulic performance of the axial pump by keeping the design requirements. During the optimization process, the blade angles were set as the optimization parameters. The genetic algorithm with binary coding was used as the optimization method. The hydraulic efficiency was defined as the optimization target function. The computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was used to solve the fitness function value. Verification results show that the hydrodynamic performances satisfied the requirements after optimization. The hydraulic efficiency is enhanced from 81.68% to 86.19%, the pump head also increases from 3.73 m to 4.56 m. Flow analysis shows that the head increased due to the higher-pressure difference between the suction and pressure sides of the impeller blades. Based on the hydraulic loss analysis, the efficiency increased because of the lower hydraulic losses in the pump. At the same time, the best efficiency point moved to the design condition with a wider high-efficiency region. This mathematical optimization for axial pump is fast and effective to improve the hydraulic performances based on the initial design.