不同施肥处理对温室葡萄园土壤速效养分含量的影响

为了研究不同施肥处理对温室葡萄园土壤速效养分含量的影响,以早熟“6-12”葡萄为研究对象,在陕北风沙区开展了不同施肥处理的田间试验.以传统沟灌施肥为对照,同时设置滴灌施肥处理,设置高肥T1、中肥T2、低肥T3 3个水平,滴灌灌水量相同.结果表明:不同施肥处理对温室葡萄园不同时期土壤速效养分含量变化的差异具有统计学意义.在葡萄新梢生长期,处理T2的(0,50］ cm土层中速效氮质量比最大,有利于该时期葡萄植株的营养生长,为后期积累产量提供良好基础.在葡萄果实膨大期和着色成熟期,(0,50］ cm土层中速效磷和速效钾质量比最大的为处理T2,对葡萄增产提质具有显著的促进作用.综上所述,滴灌中肥处理T2为适宜本地区温室葡萄栽培的有效施肥方式.另外,研究发现“大水大肥”的传统灌溉施肥方式会导致更多肥效流失,养分向深层土壤迁移,污染地下水,破坏生态环境.

Effects of fertilization treatments on nutrient contents available in soil of greenhouse vineyard

In order to study effects of fertilization treatment on nutrient contents available in soil of greenhouse vineyard, a field experiment was carried out on "6-12" precocious grape in the wind-sand area of northern Shaanxi. The traditional fertilization was as a control, while drip irrigation fertilization treatments were designed, including three fertilization levels such as T1(930 kg/hm²), T2(840 kg/hm²), and T3(750 kg/hm²)at the same drip irrigation quota. The results showed that the effects of fertilization treatment on nutrient content available in the soil of greenhouse vineyard in different growth periods had statistical significance. During the shoot growth period, the nitrogen content available in 0-50 cm soil layer in T2 is the highest, which is favorable to the vegetative growth of grape plants in this period. In the fruit enlargement and coloring maturity periods, the phosphorus and potassium contents available in 0-50 cm soil layer are the highest in T2, which has a significant effect on promoting grape yield and quality. In summary, the fertilization T2 in drip irrigation is a suitable fertilization method to greenhouse grape cultivation in this region. In addition, the traditional fertigation method of "big flood and big fertilizer" can lead to even more loss of fertilizer efficiency, but also nutrient migration to deeper soils, pollution of groundwater, and destruction of the ecological environment.