中国省区虚拟水流动及对农业用水的影响

模拟省区间粮食虚拟水流动格局的基础上,从节水效应和对区域用水效率的改变2方面评价虚拟水流动对中国农业用水的影响.粮食虚拟水呈由北向南流动的总体格局,其中黑龙江与吉林贡献了虚拟水输出量的69.1%,广东、浙江、福建及上海占流入总量的56.2%;虚拟水在全国范围内节约了199.4亿m³的水资源;虚拟水流动提高了全部输入区的单位产品耗水(WFP)和用水量(WUP)和主要输入区的WFP,降低了除黑龙江、吉林之外所有输出区的WUP和WFP.各省区应根据自身状况和在虚拟水流动中的地位制定水资源高效利用与管理策略.其中,东北粮食主产区应从区域视角发展节水农业,提高农业的水资源利用效率.

Virtual water flow and its impact on agricultural water utilization among provinces of China

Based on simulating the virtual water flow among provinces, the effect of virtual water flow on agricultural water use in China was evaluated from the perspectives of water-saving effect and regional water use efficiency. The results show that the virtual water of food flows from north to south on the whole. Heilongjiang and Jilin account for 69.1% of the tatal output, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Shanghai account for 56.2% of the total input. Meanwhile, the virtual water flow among provinces has saved 199.4 millions m³ of water resources in China, the WFP and WUP in the whole input regions and the WFP in the main input regions are increased, the WUP and WFP in all output regions except Heilongjiang and Jilin are descended. All the provinces, cities and autonomous regions should formulate strategies for the effective utilization and management of water resources based on their respective local condition and goal orientation, the main grain-producing areas in Northeast China should develop regional water-saving agriculture and improve the efficiency of agriculture water use.