滴灌施肥对红枣土壤水盐动态及光合的影响

为了新疆地区滴灌红枣土壤盐渍化的水肥高效利用,以当地8 a成龄枣树为供试材料,结合田间试验,研究水肥管理对滴灌红枣土壤水盐动态及光合特性的影响.结果表明:灌水水平对萌芽新梢期、花期土壤含水率的影响具有统计学意义(0~40 cm);水肥耦合效应对全生育期红枣土壤含水率的影响具有统计学意义(0~40 cm和40~100 cm土层);0~40 cm土层,灌水和水肥耦合效应对全生育期土壤含盐量的影响具有统计学意义,施肥对红枣萌芽新梢期的土壤含盐量影响具有统计学意义;40~100cm土层,水肥耦合效应对土壤含盐量的影响具有统计学意义.高灌溉量(1 020 mm)对表层(0~10 cm)土壤保水性和盐分淋洗具有良好效果;增加施肥量会引起表层盐分升高;不同处理的土壤含盐量生育期末与试验前相比,均处于脱盐状态;灌水水平和水肥耦合效应对红枣叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)的影响具有统计学意义;Pn和Tr均在W2F1处理(820 mm,200-100-150 kg/hm²)下达到较高水平,WUE在W3F3处理(1 020 mm,600-300-450 kg/hm²)较优,但与W2F1处理的差异无统计学意义.

Effects of water and fertilizer on water-salt movement and photosynthetic characteristics of drip-irrigation

In order to achieve an efficient use of water and fertilizer in saline soil in Xinjiang region, used local "Jun-jujube of the 8 years" as test materials, the effects of water and fertilizer management on soil water-salt movement and photosynthetic characteristic of drip-irrigation jujube were studied by experimented with field. The results showed that irrigation had significant effect on soil moisture merely in the stage of jujube(0-40 cm soil layer),while water-fertilizer coupling had significant effect on jujube soil water content in the whole growth period(0-40 cm and 40-100 cm soil layer). In 0-40 cm, irrigation and water-fertilizer coupling had significant effect on soil salt content in the whole growth period, fertilization had significant effect on soil salt content in the stage of the new tip. In 40-100 cm, water-fertilizer coupling was significant for soil salt content. High irrigation had good effect on the surface soil water holding capacity and water leaching of salinity. Increased fertilization could increase the surface salt.The difference in the soil salt accumulation between the start and end of the experiment indicatied a desalination process during the growth period. Irrigation and water-fertilizer interaction were significant for net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr)and water use efficiency(WUE)in jujube leaves. The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of jujube could achieve a higher level under W2F1 treatment(820 mm,200-100-150 kg/hm²).Water use efficiency was superior under W3F3 treatment(1020 mm,600-300-450 kg/hm²), but the discrepancy in the two treatments had no statistics significance.