豫南平原葡萄不同栽植密度和地形抗腐烂病研究

目的]改善豫南平原地区的葡萄生产状况,减少腐烂病的危害。方法]在豫南平原按台地1.5m×2.5m、平地1.0m×2.0m栽植巨峰、黑奥林和凤凰-51,观察葡萄的生产情况和腐烂病的发生程度。结果]3个品种之间病害和收入都不存在显著差异。密度低的台地易于清理野草,葡萄高挂,通风透光,病毒、细菌、真菌难以造成危害,单株产量相同时总产量较低,但是投入的工少,管理方便,效益高,且台地之间的凹地宽1.5m,可以种蒜苗,杀菌消毒,增加土壤肥力。低密度台地与高密度平地在葡萄抗腐烂病方面存在显著差异。结论]1.5m×2.5m的台地种植比农村通常的1.0m×2.0m的平地种植抗腐烂病,且用工量少,管理方便,改善了豫南地区的葡萄生产状况,值得大力推广。

Study on Resisting Rot Disease by Grape Density and Landform in Southern Henan Plain

Objective] The aim of the study was to improve the production status of grape in southern Henan plain area and reduce the harm of rot disease. Method] Jufeng, Heiaolin and Phoenix-51 were planted at the densities of 1.5 m×2.5 m on platform and 1.0 m×2.0 m on flat land in southern Henan plain to observe the production status of grape and the occurrence degree of rot disease. Result] Both disease and income had no significant difference among 3 varieties. The platform with low planting density was easy to clear up weed with grape hanged higher and good ventilation and penetrating light, and it was hard to cause harm for virus, bacterium and fungus. When the yields per plant were same, the total yield was lower, but the devoted work was little with convenient management and high benefit. The valley width among platforms was 1.5 m, where the garlic seedlings could be planted to sterilize and increase soil fertility. The rot disease resistance of grape had significant difference between platform with low density and flat land with high density. Conclusion] The platform planting with density of 1.5 m×2.5 m had stronger rot disease resistance than usual flat land planting with density of 1.0 m×2.0 m in countryside, with little workforce and convenient management, which improved the production status of grape in southern Henan area and was worthy of popularizing vigorously.