五氯酚钠中毒鱼的残毒分析与病理变化研究

五氯酚钠灭螺因撒布不匀使局部地段浓度过大，雨后造成某鱼塘一万多条鱼死亡。采用石油醚──乙醚抽提法检测24份死亡鲤鱼、鲫鱼、白鲢鱼组织中五氯酚钠残毒（mg／kg）：肌肉18．5－28．4，内脏25．2─35.4。观察200条中毒活鱼和剖检60条中毒死鱼：活鱼以运动无力、张口呼吸、神经紊乱、肌肉痉挛为特征；死鱼以全身肌肉内脏鳃丝严重淤血出血、鳃盖张开、尾鳍收缩为主要变化。检测18份沟水和塘水中五氯酚钠含量（mg／L）：灭螺沟水193.5－233.9，鱼塘入口水114.5－123．8，塘中水15．8－98.5。仅塘中水含量为鲤鱼致死量的551倍。中毒鱼不能上市销售，应加强肉品卫生检验和正确使用五氯酸钠灭螺。

THE STUDY OF RESIDUAL TOXIN ANALYSIS OF THE FISH POISONED BY SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENOL AND THEIR PATHOLOGIC CHANGES

After raining, there were more than 10,000 fish died of high concentration of sodium pentachlorophenol when it was used to eliminate the oncomelania in the fishpond. Treation with the samples by removing the disturbance of tissues hematine, Determine the concetration with the extraction of petroleum ether-diethyl ether. The result based on the 24 dead carp, gold carp and silver carp was that: the concentration in muscle was 18. 5-28. 4mg／kg, in internal 25.2 -35. 4mg/kg. After obsering 200 living fish and anotomizing 60 dead fish poisoned by sodium pentachlorophenol, auther found that the living fish had the characte-ristic of dysergia, breathing difficultly, neuropathy and spasm of muscle; the dead fish were characterised by extravasated blood and blooding in the muscle,internal and gill, in addtion. the gill cover was open and the tail fin was contracted. The determination of 18 water samples indicated that the concentra-tion of sodium pentaclilorophenol in the water course was 193.5-233. 9mg/L, in the mouth to the fishpond 114. 5-123. 8 mg/L, in the fishpond 15. 8-98. 5 mg/L(which was 551 times greater than the lethal dose of carp). Many toxic fish are sold on the market, so we should tighten health of flesh control and care to be moderate in the use of sodium pentachlorophenol to eliminate the oncomelania.