福建主要粮油作物测土配方施肥指标体系研究——Ⅰ·土壤基础肥力对作物产量的贡献率及其施肥效应

根据近年来完成的312个田间试验结果,将耕地土壤肥力分为“高”、“中”和“低”3个等级;土壤基础肥力对水稻产量的平均贡献率是75.32%,对甘薯、马铃薯和花生产量的平均贡献率分别为59.13%、51.88%、65.72%。稻田土壤肥力对产量的贡献率在不同稻作之间差异很小,且在各相应土壤肥力等级中都高于旱地土壤。施用氮磷钾对粮油作物都有极显著的增产效果;在水稻中氮肥在晚稻、磷肥在中稻、钾肥在早稻和中稻的增产效果最佳,在旱作物中氮肥在马铃薯上、磷肥在花生上、钾肥在甘薯上的增产幅度最大;稻田平均增产效果是N〉K〉P,且中低肥力等级土壤的氮磷钾肥效高于高肥力等级土壤。每公顷净平均增收是N〉K〉P;甘薯、马铃薯或花生施用氮磷钾的每公顷净增收和产投比都明显高于水稻。

Soil testing and fertilizer formulation for major crops in Fujian --effects of soil condition and fertilization on crop yield

The 312 field tests held in the past years indicated that the soil fertility levels in the arable land in Fujian could be divided into three categories： high, medium and low. Paddy soil fertility contributed 75. 32% to the rice yield. The contribution rates in southeastern Fujian were greater than in the northwestern. On average, the soil fertility contributions to yield for sweet potato, potato and peanut were found to be 59.13%, 51. 88% and 65. 72%, respectively. Paddy field＇s soil fertility contributed more to the rice yield than upland＇s at a same soil fertility level. However, little difference was found on early, mid-season and late rice varieties. The test results showed that there were significant increases on yield for grains and oil crops when N, P and K fertilizer was applied. Among different rice varieties, N fertilizer on the late rice, P on the mid-season rice and K on the early or mid-season rice had the best yield-increasing results. On the other hand, N on potatoes, P on peanuts and K on sweet potatoes rendered the best yield results. The effect of N, P and K on yield increases was N〉K〉P. The fertilization efficiencies on the soils of medium and low soil fertility were higher than that of the high soil fertility. On average, the net return was N〉K〉P. With application of NPK, the net income per hectare for the dry-land crops was significantly higher than for the rice.