16种野豌豆属植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

野豌豆属牧草适宜在高寒和高海拔地区栽培,是我国高原牧区重要的蛋白饲料来源。该属有190个物种,4个亚属:Vicia,Cracca,Ervum和Faba。本研究从中国、美国、土耳其和叙利亚等11个国家收集了16份野豌豆属牧草种质,利用扫描电镜对这16份材料的花粉形态进行观察。结果表明,野豌豆属植物花粉均以单粒形式存在,极面观为三裂圆形和三角形,赤道面观为扁圆形、长椭圆形和椭圆形。三沟萌发孔,沟长深入两端;极轴长为(9.60±1.52)(30.40±2.07) μm,赤道轴长为(11.80±0.84)(38.20±0.84) μm。花粉的表面纹饰呈3种类型:网状纹饰,脑状纹饰和疣状纹饰。网状纹饰根据外壁纹饰疏松程度不同,又可分为2种亚类型:粗网状纹饰和细网状纹饰。本研究较为系统地观察了16个野豌豆属牧草的花粉形态,探讨了其系统分类学特性,为揭示野豌豆属种质资源的遗传多样性奠定了基础。

Observation of pollen morphology of 16 Vicia accessions using scanning electron microscopy

Plants of the genus Vicia are readily cultivated in alpine and high-altitude areas, such as the Tibetan plateau in China, where they are used as a source of protein. There are about 190 species in this genus, and four subgenera: Vicia, Cracca, Ervum and Faba. We studied 16 Vicia accessions sourced from China, USA, Turkey, Syria, and 7 other countries. The pollen morphology of the 16 accessions was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Pollen of Vicia is single-grained, with three lobes and a triangular outline in polar view. The pollen studied ranged in shape from prolate-spheroidal to prolate andoblate in equatorial view with three channel apertures reaching both poles. Polar axis length was (9.60±1.52)-(30.40±2.07) μm, and equatorial axis length was (11.80±0.84)-(38.20±0.84) μm. Three types of pollen surface ornamentation were observed: reticulate, brain-like and warty. Furthermore, depending on the degree of protrusion, the reticulation type can be divided into coarse and fine reticulation sub-types. In this study,the pollen morphologies of 16 Vicia accessions were observed in detail, and their taxonomic characteristics are discussed as a basis for categorising the diversity in the Vicia genus.