收获期沙棘的力学特性与形态特征测定与分析

为了测量分析沙棘收获期所需的基础数据,为沙棘收获机械的研制提供依据,以黑龙江绥棱种植的优胜、HS-12、楚伊、金色4种沙棘果实为实验对象,测定收获期不同品种沙棘果实的横径与纵径、果实质量、果柄-果实分离力、果柄-树枝分离力及果皮颜色特征等各项物料特性参数。结果表明:果柄-果实分离力较果柄-树枝分离力更为集中,且果柄-果实分离力显著小于果柄-树枝分离力,所以机械收获时的采摘位置最好选择在沙棘果柄-果实之间。楚伊的果柄-果实分离力最大,其次是优胜、HS-12,金色的最小。成熟期沙棘果柄-果实分离力的变化范围为0.5~2.0N,HS-12沙棘果实进入成熟期其果皮颜色整体分布呈锈红色,优胜和楚伊整体分布呈橙色,金色整体分布呈黄色。该研究可为成熟期沙棘的收获和加工机器系统的开发提供理论依据。

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sea Buckthorn at Harvest Time

Sea Buckthorn ( SBT) is a multipurpose, hardy, and deciduous shrub, and an ideal plant for soil erosion con-trol, land reclamation, and farmstead protection. Its fruit has high nutritional and medicinal values. However, its eco-nomic value is far from development because SBT fruit is very difficult to harvest. Therefore, it is very important to study mechanized harvesting technologies to improve the harvesting efficiency and promote the development of SBT industry. For the Superior, HS-12, Chuyi, Golden as test object from Suihua city of Heilongjiang province, the mechanical prop-erties of SBT were analyzed by image analysis and mathematical statistics. The analysis results show that the separation force between the fruit and stalk was significantly smaller than that between the stalk and branch, and it is more concen-trated. Therefore, the best choice with picking position of mechanical harvest was between the fruit and stalk. The sepa-ration force applied to the fruit and stalk was 0 . 5 between 2 N which could ensure the majority of SBT fruit to detach from the tree. This study will provide a scientific basis for the development of the SBT harvester.