东北平原棕壤土区合理耕层耕作模式与配套机具研究

目前,土地沙漠化面积增大,传统耕作机械田间作业频繁,增加了土壤坚实度,使土壤容重增加,造成了土壤的板结,犁底层加厚上移,影响作物产量、制约了农业生产的可持续发展。针对东北平原棕壤土区辽宁省铁岭县的实际情况,结合联合整地、深松、深松联合整地及免耕播种4种耕作模式,与当地农作物种植合作社合作,对4种模式的土壤理化性质进行测试。在距地表5、10、15cm土壤深度时,深松模式土壤温度高于联合耕整地模式1.6、1.5、1.1℃;免耕播种比联合耕整地模式的土壤温度分别高了2.8、2.2、1.9℃。土壤含水率方面,免耕播种含水率最高,在垄台、向阳面、向阴面分别比联合耕整地模式高6.9%、12.2%、15.2%;在土壤容重与土壤紧实度方面,深松模式在深度10~30cm范围内土壤容重低于未深松模式0.3g/cm3。根据土壤理化特性,运用线性规划方法对现有配套机具进行优化配备,并对配备后进行效益分析,得出深松覆盖模式的收益最高,达到1.29万元/hm~2;其次是免耕播种模式,达到1.25万元/hm~2;深松联合整地模式与联合整地模式分别为0.90万元/hm~2和0.74万元/hm~2。同时,提出了一种适合当地土壤性质的耕作模式与合理配套机具。

Research on Tillage Mode and Matching Machine of Optimum Tillage Layer of Brown Soil Zone in Northeast Plain

Faced with the problem of land desertification area increases, traditional farming machinery work in the field frequently, this increased firmness and volume weight of soil, meanwhile.It caused the soil harden as well as thicken and move up the plow pan.All these above influenced the output of crops and restricted the sustainable development of agricultural production.According to the actual situation of Tieling county of Liaoning province which located in brown soil zone of northeast plain.Combined with four tillage mode: combined cultivating, deep scarification, deep loosing combined cultivating and no-tillage planting, proceed field test of Soil Physicochemical Properties of four field by cooperated with local Crop planting cooperatives.when the soil depth is 5 ~ 20cm,the soil temperature of deep scarification mode respectively are 1.6 ℃,1.5 ℃ and 1.5 ℃ higher than combined cultivating;No-tillage planting is the highest in the aspect of soil moisture content ,there respectively are 6.9%, 12.2%, 15.2% higher than deep loosing combined cultivating at the ridges, sunny slope and shaded slope;In the aspect of volume weight and firmness of soil,when the soil depth is 10 ~ 30 cm,the volume weight of soil of deep scarification mode is 0.3g/cm3 lower than no deep scarification mode.According to soil physicochemical properties, optimizing the existing matching machinery by linear programming.Analyzing the benefits of optimized and reassembly matching machinery, concluded that the deep scarification cover mode has the highest benefit, which reached 12911 Yuan/hm2, followed by no-tillage seeding mode, which reached 12509 Yuan / hm2, deep loosing combined cultivating and combined cultivating respectively are 9014 Yuan/hm2 and 7395 Yuan / hm2.Proposed a farming mode that suit to local soil properties, this mode has certain reference value to sustainable development of agriculture, income growth of peasants and efficiency growth of agriculture.