我国蔬菜育苗装备研究应用现状及发展对策

近年来,我国设施蔬菜育苗呈规模化发展,传统人工培育种苗已无法满足集约化高效育苗的发展需要,开发和应用工厂化育苗成套设备极大地促进了我国蔬菜育苗产业的可持续性发展。为此,在对我国设施育苗发展规模和机械化作业需求进行概述的基础上,重点针对育苗生产中播种、嫁接、秧苗筛选、基质处理及穴盘清洗等劳动密集环节的机械装备的研究和应用状况进行介绍,通过比较现存相关产品的工作原理、作业性能和适用范围,分析不同产品和技术的发展趋势。同时,从我国设施育苗发展现状、现存技术难点及经济效益3个方面,总结了当前机械化育苗设备在实际使用中遇到的客观问题,最后从农艺生产标准化、政策支持、示范宣传及技术攻关等不同角度,提出了促进我国机械化育苗设备推广应用的对策。

Situation and Strategy of Automatic Seedling Machine in China

In view of the scale development of factory seedling-nursery for vegetable in China these years , the traditional production by human could not satisfy the intensive seedling mode , which was gradually expanding .So research and ap-plication of the key seedling facilities was expected to promote the sustainable development of this industry .In this paper , the vegetable seedling industry scale and the objective requirement for the seedling machine was described , and a serial of existing machines for the labour-intensive parts of seedling were introduced , such as seeding , grafting, seedling sor-ting , substrate processing and tray washing .Trough compering their working principle , performance and applicable con-dition ,the development trend was analyzed .Problems in the actual production ,caused from the poor industry status , exist-ing technical difficulties and limited economic benefit , were summarized .Finally , the strategies were proposed , which were supposed to change the present situation .