不同育龄三角帆蚌血细胞吞噬率和血浆抗菌活力的比较

以2～5育龄三角帆蚌Hyriopsis cumingii为对象,研究了三角帆蚌血浆对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶壁微球菌、嗜水气单胞菌的抗菌活力和血细胞对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率。结果表明：4种育龄的育珠蚌血浆对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活力最强,其次为溶壁微球菌、大肠杆菌和嗜水气单胞菌,其中3龄育珠蚌对4种细菌的抗菌活力最强;4龄育珠蚌对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率最高,达到36.6%,吞噬指数达到3.75,其次为5龄育珠蚌,2龄育珠蚌对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬率最低,仅为25.2%,吞噬指数为2.95。本研究结果证实：在2～5育龄内,3～4育龄的三角帆蚌育珠蚌的吞噬率和抗菌活力最强,抵抗外来病原菌的能力最高;但随着育珠年龄的增长,三角帆蚌免疫能力不断下降,因而养蚌育珠过程中要加强对高龄蚌抗病防病能力的管理。

Comparison of antibacterial activities and phagocytosis in freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii with different pearl-cultivation age

Plasma antibacterial activities to Staphyloccocus aureus,Micrococcus lysodeikticus,Aeromonas hydrophilia,and Escherichia coli and haemocyte phagocytosis to Staphyloccocus aureus were studied in freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii with different ages.The result showed that there were higher antibacterial activities to Gram-positive bacilli（Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Staphylococcus aureus） than those to two Gram-negative bacilli（Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophilia） in the 2-5 age mussels,the maximal antibacterial activity in 3-age mussel.The maximal haemocytes phagocytosis to Staphyloccocus aureus was observed in the 4-age mussels with the phagocytic rate of 36.6% and phagocytic index of 3.75 and the minimal in 2-age mussels with the phagocytic rate of 25.2% and phagocytic index of 2.95.Those were attributed to the highest antibacterial activities and phagocytosis in 3-4 age mussel and the highest capacity against external pathogens.However,the immune capacity was found to be declined with the increase in period of the pearl cultivation.