吉林省中部黑土区玉米氮肥效应研究

在吉林省中部地区黑土条件下,通过田间试验研究氮肥对玉米的增产效应和氮肥的利用效率。结果表明,施用氮肥处理产量极显著高于不施氮肥处理,但并不随施N量的增加而持续增加,当施N量增加至145 kg/hm2时,玉米产量最高,再增加施N量,其产量下降,符合二次曲线方程Y=ax2+bx+c。从施肥效益考虑,最大效益施N量为152.3～173.9 kg/hm2,获得玉米产量8 800～12 127 kg/hm2。玉米对氮肥的利用率随施N量的增加而降低。范家屯镇、陶家屯镇、万发镇3个试验点的施N量由90 kg/hm2增加至255 kg/hm2,其氮肥利用率分别由32.71%、58.95%和30.81%降低至14.52%、21.74%和11.16%。

Nitrogen Fertilizer Effect on Black Soil of the Central Region in Jilin Province

By the field experiment, the effects of fertilizer nitrogen application on the increasing production and nitrogen utilization efficiency under the conditions of black soil of the central region in Jilin province were studied. The results indicated that the treatment for nitrogen fertilizer application was extremely significant difference compared with the one for no nitrogen fertilizer application. The yield was increased following the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application, but the yield was decreased when nitrogen fertilizer application arrived at some fixed value. It was at the highest maize yield, when the treatment was N 145 kg/ha. It could be simulated by the equation of Y=ax2+bx+c, in which the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application for the biggest benefit was 152.3 kg/ha and the attainable maize yield was 8 800 - 12 127 kg/ha. But NUE has the decreasing tendency, following the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was increased 90 kg/ha to 255 kg/ha averagely in three experimental sites. And NUE was decreased 32.71%, 58.95% and 30.81% to 14.52%, 21.74% and 11.16%, respectively.