糯玉米钾素分配转移特性的基因型差异

在同一供肥水平下研究31个糯玉米品种的钾素分配转移特性,分析糯玉米钾素分配转移规律及其与钾素吸收利用的关系,揭示钾素分配转移的基因型差异及其对产量形成的作用。结果表明,糯玉米生育期间钾素在各器官的分配与氮、磷不同,钾素不随生长中心的转移而转移,在生育期间钾素主要分配在叶片和茎秆中,开花前主要分配在叶片中,开花后钾素分配到茎秆中最多。糯玉米不同品种各器官钾素转移率存在显著差异。相关分析表明,钾素转移率主要影响产量和钾素利用效率的高低,而对钾素吸收总量及钾收获指数影响较小。通径分析表明,鲜穗、鲜子粒及成熟子粒中高产品种叶片的钾素转移率较高,叶鞘的钾素转移率高有利于品种鲜穗、鲜子粒及成熟子粒钾素利用效率的提高。

Genetic Differences of Potassium Distribution and Translocation in Waxy Corn

In order to understand the regularity of potassium(K) distribution and translocation and their effects on K absorption and utilization, explain the genotype differences of K distribution and translocation and their effects on the yield formation, 31 waxy corn(Zea mays L. ceratina Kulesh) varieties released in recent years in China were planted to analyze their characteristics of K distribution and translocation in the same fertilization condition. The results showed that the K distribution centre did not change with the change of the growth centre in the process of growth of waxy corn. And the K mainly distributed in leaf and culm in the process of growth of waxy corn. The K mainly distributed in leaf before silking stage, and there are most K distributed in culm after silking stage. Moreover, there were significant differences in the K translocation rate of different organ among different varieties. Through correlation analysis, it was found that the K translocation rate had a dominant effect on yield, K utilization efficiency, but it had minor effect on total K and K harvest index. Through path analysis, it was found that the K translocation rate of the leaf was high for the varieties of high yield in fresh ear, fresh kernel and maturity kernel. In addition, it was beneficial for high K utilization efficiency as for fresh ear, fresh kernel or maturity kernel of the produce that there are high K translocation rate of leaf sheath.