野生及养殖黑龙江茴鱼消化酶活性分布的比较研究

对我国珍稀濒危冷水性鱼类——黑龙江茴鱼的野生及养殖群体食道、胃、幽门盲囊及肠组织淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性进行了测定。试验结果表明,两群体4种组织中淀粉酶活性表现为幽门盲囊肠道胃食道,且野生群体在幽门盲囊及肠道中的酶活性高于养殖群体;胰蛋白酶表现为肠幽门盲囊胃食道,且养殖群体幽门盲囊、胃及肠中的胰蛋白酶活性均高于野生群体相应组织;而黑龙江茴鱼各消化器官均有一定的脂肪酶活性,且幽门盲囊与胃中酶活性较高,食道和肠较低,且养殖茴鱼幽门盲囊及胃中脂肪酶活性高于野生群体。黑龙江茴鱼体内消化酶的活性及分布可能与其偏肉食性的食性有关,而野生群体及养殖群体之间的差异,推测是由于人工驯化投喂人工饵料中碳水化合物及蛋白含量与天然饵料的差异造成的。应继续探索野生及人工养殖状态下该鱼消化及营养需求的最佳平衡点,以达到低耗高产,健康养殖的目的,并推动促进茴鱼养殖业的迅速、可持续性发展。

Comparitive study on the distribution of digestive enzymes in wild and cultured Thymallus grubii

Thymallus grubii is a kind of rare and endangered cold water fish species.In this study,three kinds of digestive enzymes activities,including amylase,trypsin and lipase were measured in esophagus,stomach,pylo-ric caeca and intestine from wild and cultured thymallus grubi.The results showed that the amylase activity of pyloric caeca was highest in 4 kinds of tissues from two groups,and then was the intestine with the lowest in stomach and esophagus.In addition,the amylase activities in pyloric caeca and intestine were higher in wild group than that of cultured group.The trypsin showed the highest in the intestines,and then with the lowest in the stomach and esophagus.It was higher of the activity of trypsin from other three tissues in wild group than cultured group.The activities of lipase were in different degree in several digestive tissues,which were higher in pyloric caeca and stomach while lower in the esophagus and intestines.And the activities of lipase form pyloric caeca and stomach in cultured group were higher than wild group.The activities and distribution of digestive enzymes maybe subjected to the diet of the thymallus grubii,which was carnivorous.It was induced that the difference be-tween wild and cultured group was due to the difference of carbohydrate and protein concentration in natural feed and artificial feed during acclimatization.It was pointed out that we should make a further investigation of the best balance on the digestive and nutritional requirements both under natural and artificial conditions,to obtain the best production with the least cost and to achieve the purpose of healthy culture.And this will promote the rapid and sustainable development of aquaculture industry of thymallus grubii.