| Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate （Aminogut） on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets |
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| 作者姓名： | Rafael A Cabrera James L Usry Consuelo Arrellano Eduardo T Nogueira Marianne Kutschenko Adam J Moeser Jack Odle |
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| 作者单位： | [1]Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science,North Carolina State University, 101 Polk Hall, North Carolina State University,Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. [2]Ajinomoto Heartland Lysine, Chicago, IL 60631,USA. [3]Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27695-8203, USA. [4]Ajinomoto do Brasil. Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition, SaoPaulo, SP 04015-001, Brazil. [5]Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University,Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. [6]Author current employment： Huvepharma USA, 525West Park Drive Suite 230, Peachtree City, GA 30269, USA. [7]Author currentemployment： Micronutrients, 1550 Research Way, Indianapolis, IN 46231, USA. |
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| 基金项目： | Acknowledgements Research was conducted at the Maple Hill sow farm, NC （Murphy-Brown, LLC; Rose Hill, NC）. The authors would like to thank Ajinomoto Heartland Lysine and Ajinomoto do Brazil for the financial support to carry out this trial The authors would also like to thank Dr. Jeff Hansen, Dr. Ana de Souza and Dr. Dustin Kendall from Murphy-Brown LLC for coordinating this trial with the farm staff. The authors recognize the assistance provided by Indira Gomez, Wilmer Pacheco and Santa Maria Mendoza with the daily feeding, care of the animals, and blood and tissues collection. We are extremely grateful to Lauren Lanier who agreed to make this project her internship assignment with Murphy Brown LLC. We appreciate the technical assistance provided from Dr. Lisa Dean （Food Science department, NCSU） with the xylose assay, Dr. Michael Dykstra （College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU） with the SEM guidance, Mrs. Debbie Ort （Poultry Science department, NCSU） with the mannitol assay and Dr. Sheila Jacobi （Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, NCSU） with the maltase assay and the sow reared pigs＇ blood and tissue collection. |
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| 摘 要： | Background： Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption.L-Glutamine（GLN） is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial cells.The objective of this study was to determine the impact of creep feeding and adding GLN or AminoGut（AG;containing glutamine ＋ glutamate） to pre-and post-weaning diets on pig performance and intestinal health.Litters（N = 120） were allotted to four treatments during 14–21 d of lactation： 1） No creep feed（NC,n = 45）;2） creep fed control diet（CFCD,n = 45）;3） creep fed 1% GLN（CFGLN,n = 15）;4） creep fed.88% AG（CFAG,n = 15）.After weaning,the NC and CFCD groups were sub-divided into three groups（n = 15 each）,receiving either a control nursery diet（NC-CD,CFCD-CD） or a diet supplemented with either GLN（NC-GLN,CFCD-GLN） or with AG（NC-AG,CFCD-AG）.Litters that were creep fed with diets containing GLN or AG also were supplemented with those amino acids in the nursery diets（CFGLN-GLN,CFAG-AG）.Glutamine was added at 1% in all three post-weaning diet phases and AG was added at.88% in phase 1 and 2 and at.66% in phase 3.Results： Feed conversion（feed/gain） showed means among treatment means close to significance（P = 0.056） and Tukey＇s test for pairwise mean comparisons showed that Pigs in the CFGLN-GLN group had the best feed conversion（feed/gain） in the first three-week period post-weaning,exceeding（P = 0.044） controls（CFCD-CD） by 34%.The NC-AG group had（P = 0.02） the greatest feed intake in the last three week of the study,exceeding controls（CFCD-CD） by 12%.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and sow reared（SR） pigs had the greatest（P = 0.049） villi height exceeding the CFCD-AG group by 18%,20% and 19% respectively.The CFAG-AG group had the deepest（P = 0.001） crypts among all treatments.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and SR groups had the greatest（P = 0.001） number of cells proliferating（PCNA） exceeding those in the NC-CD group by 43%,54% and 63% respectively.Sow reared pigs showed the greatest（P = 0.001） intestinal absorption capacity for xylose and mannitol.Conclusion： Supplementation of creep feed and nursery diets with GLN and/or AminoGut in the first three week improved feed conversion possibly due to improved intestinal health.
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| 关 键 词： | L-谷氨酰胺 肠道健康 断奶后 谷氨酸 蠕变 仔猪 喂养 生长性能 |
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