两重结构、两个不计成本、两个变量与古代的农民问题——中国古代国家与农民关系研究之一

中国古代国家与农民之间的关系,是一种水与舟的关系,即水可载舟,水亦可以覆舟。但是这种关系是如何具体进行的,学术界目前基本上没有从理性的角度进行分析。本文基于对国家政治、农民生活等方面充分认识,从中央集权国家的两重结构即官民结构,促使王朝稳定的两个不计成本即国家为了维护其统治不计成本,老百姓为了传宗接代不计成本,瓦解王权稳定的两个变量即农民负担变量和单一种植业结构农业收成变量的角度,分析历史上的国家与农民利益博弈,探讨历史上的农民问题,借此了解中国古代历史发展的规律。

Dual Structure, Two Cost-ignoring, Two Variables and Peasant Issue of Ancient China: A Study of the Relationship between State and Peasant in Ancient China

The relationship between state and peasant in feudalist society was something like water and boat: water can both carry boat and overturn it.At present,few scholar analyses how this relationship operates from the perspective of logos.Based on the analysis of the state politics and peasant life,this paper studies the dual structure of centralized state,two variables disintegrating regalia,cost-ignoring activities stabilizing regalia,and hence the relationship between state and peasant in ancient China,which help understand the peasant issue of ancient China and the law of development of Chinese History.