草原人口承载力评价——以陈巴尔虎旗为例

人口增长、环境退化、资源耗竭威胁着区域农业可持续发展,在我国北方草原地区,农牧民的生活主要依靠农村的自然资本,自然资源的利用超过资源的再生能力就会导致资本贮量的损耗,通过综合资源核算,比较农产品的产量与牧民的需求,监测资本贮量损耗对评估区域农业可持续发展是非常必要的。本研究从资源供求的角度构建了一个模型来评估区域人口承载能力,并且应用模型评估了内蒙古草原地区的农业可持续发展水平。模型的构建建立在研究区域生产力以及消费模式调查的基础上,将土地生产力、土地利用方式、生产经营方式、农产品价格等因素作为模型的输入参数。对1990和2003年陈巴尔虎旗的人口承载力作了评估,最后,提出区域发展的合理性建议,在草地植被保护的前提下,提高牧草的总体生产水平和草地的经济利用价值,减少草地因过度利用而引起退化,实现草地资源的永续利用。通过改进饲养放牧方式,提高母畜比重、繁殖成活率和出栏率,加速畜群周转,增加畜产品产量,提高群体经济效益。

Evaluation of human carrying capacity in the Hulunbeier Grassland——a case study in Chenbaerhu Qi in Inner Mongolia, China

Rapid population growth,environmental deterioration and scarcities of natural resources now threaten the sustainable productivity of the economy,and threaten regional agricultural sustainability.In the north grassland area of China,the life of people in a rural village depends on the village's natural capital.Drawing on natural capital beyond its regenerative capacity results in depletion of capital stock.Through comprehensive resource accounting that compares villager's demand to the agricultural production of the village,it should be possible to detect this depletion to help prepare a path toward agricultural sustainability.The purposes of this study were to construct a model for estimating human carrying capacity from the viewpoint of supply and demand of resource and to evaluate agricultural sustainability by applying the model to a Chenbaerhu Qi in Inner Mongolia,China.The model was constructed on the basis of field level survey and consumption pattern of the study area.Land productivity,land use composition,management manner and prices of agricultural products were used as the model's input parameters.Then human carrying capacity in Chenbaerhu Qi in 1990 and 2003 was evaluated and several rational suggestions of regional sustainable development were proposed.Under the premise that grassland vegetation had to be protected,grassland was used reasonably,structure of livestock was improved,and economic efficiency was distinctly raised.