缓释肥料对云南丘北小椒产量、养分利用率影响

[目的]研究施用缓释肥料对作物产量、养分利用率和环境污染的影响。[方法]以丘北小椒（Capsicum frutescens L.）为研究对象,采用田间小区试验探讨了缓释肥料在丘北小椒上的施用效果与环保效应。[结果]施用缓释肥料可改善丘北小椒主要的农艺性状;与Conv-F相比,缓释肥增加辣椒产量达20.90%,经济效益增加13234.35元/hm2,产投比提高达47.93%;在施肥量（氮磷钾养分和比例）相同的条件下,缓释肥增加辣椒产量达5.26%,经济效益增加5554.80元/hm2,产投比提高达9.91%;在降低缓释肥用量20%的条件下,辣椒产量比Conv-F提高达12.38%,经济效益增加9595.20元/hm2,产投比提高达65.95%;N、P和K的当季利用率比Conv-F处理分别提高了12.42～17.53,3.35～5.24和5.37～14.02个百分点。[结论]缓释肥不但显著减少肥料资源的浪费,提高肥料利用率,而且减少了肥料养分流失造成的污染,对生态环境的保护和促进农业的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。

Effect of Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers on the Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Hot Pepper in Qiu-bei

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers(SCRF)on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei hot pepper(Capsicum frutescens L.)as the experimental material,we studied the fertilization effect and environment-protecting effect of SCRF.[Result] The result showed that SCRF could improve the agronomic characteristics of hot pepper.Compared to singly applied common fertilizers,SCRF increased economic yield by 20.90% and economic benefit by 13 234.35 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 47.93%.In comparison with common straight fertilizers at same NPK proportion and rate,SCRF increased economic yield by 5.26% and economic benefit by 5 554.80 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 9.91%.Under the reduced use of SCRF by 20%,SCRF increased economic yield by 12.38% and economic benefit by 9595.20 Yuan/hm2 compared with singly applied common fertilizers,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 65.95%.SCRF improved nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies by 12.42-17.53,3.35-5.24 and 5.37-14.02 percents respectively.[Conclusion] As the result of much reduced N and P application rates,SCRF would significantly economize fertilizer resources and minimize the pollution caused by the loss of fertilizer nutrients,which is of practical importance for environment protection.