自制测力仪用于木材三向切削力的测定

评定木材切削刀具的切削性能及切削表面的加工质量时，均需测定木材切削时的三向切削力：主切削力、进给力及侧向力，因此设计一台合适的三向测力仪成为关键。本文以单一八角环为基础，引申出单向延伸式八角环、组合式八角环及双向延伸式八角环测力仪，并逐一分析其结构特点及应用于木材三向切削力测定的可行性。最终确定双向延伸式四耳环八角环性能最优，并对其进行设计、制选、标定及切削试验。试验结果表明该型完全符合木材三向切削力测定的要求。

Application of Self-made Dynamometer in Measuring Three-dimensional Cutting Forces or Wood

To evaluate the cutting performance of wood cut-tools and the machining quality of cutting surface, the three-di-rection cutting forces including main cutting force, feed force and side-directional force need to be measured. It is the key to de-sign a suitable three-direction dynamometer. Four types of octagonal-ring dynamometers were compared, which were respectively basic octagonal-ring, single-directional extended octagonal-ring, combined octagonal-ring and bidirectional extended octagonal-ring. Their structural characteristics and feasibility to measure wood three-direction cutting forces were analysed and the result showed the bidirectional extended four-earring octagonal-ring had the best performance, which could completely satisfy the require-ment of measuring three-direction cutting forces of wood after re-designed, manufactured calibrated and tested.