施用生物炭对灰漠土养分及棉花生长的影响

【目的】 生物炭作为一类富含碳、高度芳香化和稳定性高的有机物质,是改良农业土壤,维持和提高土壤肥力的重要途径。研究施用生物炭对灰漠土养分及棉花生长的影响。【方法】 以 450℃ 炭化 1 h 的棉秆炭为试材,研究添加耕层土重的 0、1.5% (1.5Bc) 、3.0% (3.0Bc) 、6.0% (6.0Bc)棉秆炭对灰漠土土壤养分及棉花生长的影响。【结果】 添加棉秆炭对全量养分影响不明显,但提高了灰漠土碱解氮和速效钾含量,相比对照CK处理增加在31.27%~44.10%和36.4%~98.5% (P<0.05),比NPK处理,速效钾含量增加了29.4%~88.3%;CEC随添加量的增加而增加;棉秆炭的添加,降低了土壤的pH值,1.5Bc添加量降低更明显,降低了0.13个单位;另外添加棉秆炭显著提高了棉花的产量,比对照CK增加7.9%~21.3%,而NPKM比CK增产12.4%;也提高了对棉花茎粗、株高及生物量等的影响,但不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】 棉秆炭的添加提高了阳离子交换性能,增加了土壤肥力,有利于新疆灰漠土土壤生产力的提高。

Effects of Biocar Application on Nutrient and Cotton Growth in Gray Desert Soil

【Objective】 As a kind of organic matter rich in carbon, highly aromatic and stable, biochar serves as an important way to improve soil and maintain and improve soil fertility. 【Method】 In the study, the cotton stalk-char (BC) was carbonized by 1 hour at 450℃ as the test material and mixed with gray desert soil under different rates of addition levels ( 0, 1.5%, 3.0% and 6.0%) to research the effect on the growth of gray desert soil nutrients and cotton.【Result】 The results showed that the effect of adding cotton stalk on the whole nutrient was not obvious, but the contents of available N and available K in ash were increased by 31.27%-44.10% and 36.4%-98.5% (P < 0.05). Compared with NPK, the content of available potassium was increased by 29.4%-88.3%. CEC increased with the increase of the addition amount. The addition of cotton charcoal reduced the pH value of the soil, the decrease of 1.5 BC was more obvious and decreased by 0.13 unit; In addition, the addition of cotton stalks increased the yield of cotton significantly, which was 7.9%-21.3% higher than that of the CK, while that of NPK was 12.4% higher than that of the CK.【Conclusion】 The addition of cotton stalk charcoal increased the organic carbon storage and the cation exchange performance, soil fertility and improved the soil productivity in gray desert soil in Xinjiang.