超级杂交稻研究进展

为满足全国人民21世纪的粮食需求,农业部于1996年立项超级杂交稻育种计划。该计划共分四期。第一期：1996—2000年,10.5 t/hm ²;第二期：2001—2005年,12 t/hm ²;第三期：2006—2015年,13.5 t/hm ²;第四期：2016—2020年,15 t/hm ²。2000年,育成了几个超级杂交稻先锋组合,其产量达到了农业部制定的“中国超级稻”计划第一期10.5 t/hm ²的指标。21世纪初,以‘两优培九’为主要品种的第一期超级稻最大年推广面积约100万hm ²,平均产量在8.3 t/hm ²左右。第二期超级杂交稻12 t/hm ²的指标于2004年实现,比原计划提前一年,从2006年开始推广。2014年第二期超级稻种植面积接近100万hm ²,平均单产为9 t/hm ²左右。大面积示范目标产量为13.5 t/hm ²的第三期超级杂交稻于2011年实现。第四期超级杂交稻攻关于2014年取得突破,经农业部组织专家组验收,在湖南溆浦县百亩片单产达15.4 t/hm ²。基于上述已取得的成绩和进展,以及水稻在理论上的产量潜力,启动了第五期超级杂交稻育种攻关,产量指标为 16 t/hm ²。

Progress in Breeding of Super Hybrid Rice

In order to meet food requirement for all Chinese people in the 21st century, a super rice breeding program was set up by Chinese Ministry ofAgriculture in 1996, in which the yield targets are: Phase I (1996-2000) 10.5 t/hm ², Phase II (2001-2005) 12 t/hm ², Phase III (2006-2015) 13.5 t/hm ², Phase Ⅳ (2016-2020) 15 t/hm ². With morphological improvement plus the use of inter-subspecific (indica/japonica) heterosis, several pioneer super hybrids were developed by 2000, which met the phaseⅠyield standard and were released for commercial production since 2001. In recent years the area under these pioneer super hybrids is around 1 million hm ² and the average yield is about 8.3 t/hm ². The breeding of phaseⅡ, super hybrids succeeded in 2004, one year ahead of schedule, and super hybrids were popularized since 2006. The planting area of these hybrids was near 1 million hm ² in 2014 and the average yield was around 9 t/hm ². The super hybrid variety, Y-U-2, yielded 13.9 t/hm ² on average at a 7.2 hm ² demonstrative location in 2011. It means the goal of phase Ⅲ super rice breeding program is attained. The breeding of PhaseⅣ super hybrid was achieved in 2014. A new super hybrid Y-U-900 yielded 15.4 t/hm ² at a 6.8 hm ² demonstrative location in Xupu County, Hunan Province. Based on the above progress, the phase Ⅴ of super hybrid rice breeding program has been proposed, its yield target suggested is 16 t/hm ².