种植密度对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特性及抗倒伏性能的影响

【目的】 研究新疆滴灌冬小麦抗倒伏性能适宜播种密度。【方法】在大田试验条件下,于2016~2017年冬小麦生长季,采用单因子随机区组设计,设置四个播种密度处理:M₁(525×10⁴粒 / hm²),M₂(600×10⁴粒/ hm²),M₃(675×10⁴粒/ hm²),M₄(750×10⁴粒/ hm²)。研究不同种植密度对滴灌冬小麦株高、重心高度、基部节间长度、基部节间茎粗、茎秆鲜重等形态特征和茎秆基部节间抗折力、茎秆基部节间充实度、木质素含量等理化特征的影响,以及对田间倒伏率和对产量因素的影响。【结果】滴灌冬小麦株高、基部节间长和重心高度均随着播种密度的增大而增大,茎秆基部节间木质素含量和充实度均随着密度的增加而降低。随着密度的增大各处理茎秆抗倒伏指数呈降低的趋势;产量以M₂处理为最高,为7 371.19 kg/ hm²,分别较M₃、M₁和M₄处理增加1.82%、3.45%和10.77%;田间倒伏率以M₄处理为最高,为61.1%。【结论】种植密度为675×10⁴粒/ hm²时,滴灌冬小麦籽粒产量最高,茎秆高度适宜,重心高度相对较低,抗倒伏指数相对较高。

Effects of Different Plant Densities on Stem Morphology Characteristics and Lodging Resistance in Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation

【Objective】 To reveal the rules of different plant densities on stem morphology characteristic and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation.【Method】The field experiment was conducted with 4 plant densities: M₁(525×10⁴ / hm²),M₂(600×10⁴ / hm²),M₃(675×10⁴ / hm²) and M₄(750×10⁴/ hm²). The effects of different planting densities on the physical and chemical characteristics of winter wheat, such as height, height of center of gravity, length of base internode, stem diameter of base internode and fresh weight of stem, and the physical and chemical characteristics of internode flexural strength, internode plumpness and lignin content of stem base, and effect on yield factors and yield factors were studied.【Result】The height of the plant height, length of the basal internode and the height of the center of gravity increased with the increase of the sowing densities, and the lignin content and the plumpness of the basal internode of the stem decreased with the increase of densities. With the increase of densities, the lodging resistance index of each stalk decreased, the highest yield was M₂ treatment, which was 7,371.19 kg/hm², which increased by 1.82%, 3.45% and 10.77% compared with M₃, M₁ and M₄ respectively, and the field lodging rate was the highest of M₄ treatment, which was 61.1%.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, when the planting density was 600×10⁴ / hm², the grain yield of winter wheat was the highest, the height of stem was suitable, the height of the center of gravity was relatively low and the lodging resistance index was relatively high.