设施葡萄基地土壤－葡萄体系邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染及分布特征

【目的】研究吐鲁番设施葡萄基地土壤-葡萄体系邻苯二甲酸酯污染及分布特征。【方法】对种植年限为1、4、6 a的葡萄大棚土壤、葡萄根、茎、叶、果实进行取样,采用气相色谱-串联质谱技术测定各样品中16种PAEs化合物的含量,分析土壤-葡萄体系邻苯二甲酸酯的主要成分、含量、分布、变化及相关性。【结果】土壤中∑PAEs含量在1.500~2.718 mg/kg, DIBP、DBP、DEHP的含量占到总含量的98.9%,三者在0~20 cm的土层中占70%;种植4年的葡萄土壤∑PAEs含量最高,6年龄低于4年龄葡萄土壤含量;葡萄植株各部位∑PAEs的含量由高到低为根>茎>叶>果实,根、茎、叶中∑PAEs占整个植株的95.5%;葡萄果实与土壤中∑PAEs、DIBP、DBP、DEHP的含量显著相关,相关系数分别为0.878、0.855、0.820、0.981。【结论】吐鲁番设施葡萄基地PAEs污染物以DIBP、DBP、DEHP为主,主要分布在0~20 cm的土层中,随着种植年限的增长,∑PAEs并非成线性增长趋势,在植株体内PAEs含量由根到果实逐渐递减,果实与土壤中PAEs含量呈显著相关性。

The Pollution and Distribution Characteristics of Phthalic Acid Esters in Soil-Grape System of Facility Grape Bases

【Objective】 The aim of this project is to ascertain the pollution and distribution characteristics of phthalic acid esters in soil-grape system of facility grape bases in Turpan.【Method】 The samples of soil, root, stem, leaf and fruit from grape greenhouses that were planted 1, 4 and 6 years were collected, and contents of 16 PAEs compounds in samples were determined by gas chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry and the main components, contents, distribution, changes and correlation of phthalates in soil-grape system.【Result】 The results showed that the contents of total ∑PAEs in soils ranged from 1.500 to 2.718 mg/kg, and contents of Diisobutyl phthalate(DIBP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and Diisooctyl Phthalate(DEHP) accounted for 98.9% of the total contents, and they accounted for 70% at the soil layer of 0-20 cm. The contents of PAEs was the highest in greenhouse soil that have been planted four years. PAEs in grapes planted for six years were lower than those of grapes planted four years; The contents of ∑ PAEs in various parts of grape plant ranged from high to low in order were: root > stem > leaf > fruit; And the total content in root, stem and leaf accounted for 95.5% of the whole plant; The content of PAEs in fruit and soil had significant correlation, with the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.878 (∑PAEs), 0.855(DIBP), 0.820(DBP) and 0.981 (DEHP), respectively.【Conclusion】 The main PAEs pollutants of facility grape bases in Turpan were DIBP, DBP and DEHP, which were mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. With the increase of planting years, ∑ PAEs did not show a linear growth trend. The content of PAEs in the plants decreased gradually from root to fruit, and there was a significant correlation between the content of PAEs in fruit and soil.