生理性黄化对吐鲁番地区葡萄枝、叶形态学变化的影响

【目的】研究黄化病对葡萄枝叶形态、解剖结构及叶片矿质元素的影响,为葡萄发生叶片黄化的原因提供理论参考。【方法】对吐鲁番地区主栽品种无核白和无核白鸡心葡萄叶片叶绿素含量、枝叶组织结构及叶片矿质元素进行研究,分析葡萄叶片黄化存在的问题。【结果】随着黄化程度的不断加深,无核白正常株新梢节间长、叶重、单叶厚及叶绿素含量分别是重度黄化的1.30、1.38、1.35及5.70倍;无核白鸡心黄化叶栅海比仅仅是正常叶的61.84%,且叶片组织内栅栏组织细胞和海绵组织细胞之间模糊不清;无核白正常株叶片P、K含量比黄化株叶片分别减少36.51%和51.50%。【结论】葡萄生理性黄化导致从枝叶表型特征到微观解剖结构均与正常株有明显差异,叶片质量、叶绿素含量、茎木质部厚度、叶栅海比、叶灰分中P、K含量等指标的变化对于判断葡萄生理性黄化程度具有重要的参考价值。

Effect of Physiological Yellowing on Morphological Changes of Grapevines in Turpan Area

【Objective】 This project aims to study the effect of physiological yellowing disease on the morphology, anatomical structure and leaf mineral elements of grapevines in order to provide a theoretical reference for exploring the causes of leaf yellowing in grapevine.【Method】 Taking two main grape cultivars Thompson seedless and Centennial seedless in Turpan area as the experimental materials, the chlorophyll content, leaf tissue structure, and leaf mineral elements of the grape varieties were studied to analyze the existing problems of grape leaf yellowing.【Result】 The results showed that along with the degree of grape chlorosis worsening off, the internode length, leaf weight, leaf thickness and cholrophll content of Thompson seedless of normal grape were 1.30 times, 1.38 times, 1.35 times and 5.70 times of severe chlorosis grape, respectively. The P/S ratio of the Centennial seedless was only 61.84% of the normal leaves, and the palisade tissue cells and spongy tissue cells in the leaf tissue was blurred; The contents of P and K in normal leaves of Thompson seedless were 36.51% and 51.50% lower than those of yellow plants, respectively reaching a significant difference.【Conclusion】 It is preliminarily considered that there are obvious differences between phenotypic characteristics of branches and leaves and microanatomical structure of physiological etiolation of grape. The changes of leaf quality, chlorophyll content, thickness of the stem xylem, P/S ratio, the concentrations of P, K in leaves are important for judging the physiological yellowing states in grape orchard.