雨养和灌溉条件对黑小麦产量形成及品质的影响

为了明确黑小麦对水分逆境胁迫的响应机理,[方法]采用大田试验方法，以黑小麦‘山农紫麦1号’为试验材料，设置灌溉和雨养两个处理，对黑小麦干物质积累及转运、籽粒灌浆特性及品质性状进行研究。[结果]结果表明,雨养条件下,黑小麦籽粒灌浆速率峰值出现时间提前,灌浆持续时间缩短,灌浆速率峰值、平均灌浆速率均显著降低。雨养处理提高了黑小麦成熟期干物质在籽粒中的分配比例；降低了开花后干物质的积累能力,降低了干物质积累总量,减少了了籽粒中来自开花后干物质的比例。雨养处理主要降低了黑小麦的穗粒数和千粒重,从而使产量显著降低。对单位面积穗数影响不显著。与灌溉处理相比,雨养条件下黑小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、沉淀指数、面团形成时间、面团稳定时间分别提高了13.68%、18.83%、14.02%、34.10%、68.57%和120.29%,差异达到显著水平；吸水量与灌溉处理差异不显著。[结论]干旱胁迫通过降低黑小麦的穗粒数和千粒重降低产量，但可以改善黑小麦籽粒品质。

Rainfed and Irrigation: Effects on Yield Formation and Quality of Black Kernel Wheat

To clarify the response mechanism of black kernel wheat to water stress, the field experiment method is used in this study. The black kernel wheat‘Shannong Purple Wheat 1’is taken as the material, two treatments (rainfed treatment and irrigation treatment) are set up. The accumulation and translocation of dry matter, grain filling characteristics and quality are studied. The results showed that under rain-fed condition, the peak value of grain filling formation rate appeared earlier, grain filling duration was shortened, and the average grain filling rate decreased obviously. Meanwhile, rainfed treatment increased the proportion of dry matter in grains at the mature stage, decreased the accumulation ability of dry matter after flowering and the total amount of dry matter, and reduced the ratio of dry matter in grains after flowering. Rainfed treatment mainly decreased the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of black kernel wheat, and obviously reduced the yield, while rainfed treatment did not affect the spike number per area significantly. Compared with irrigation treatment, protein content of grain, wet gluten content, gluten index, sedimentation value, doughformation time and stability time under rainfed treatment increased by 13.68%, 18.83%, 14.02%, 34.10%, 68.57% and 120.29% , respectively, the differences were significant. There was no obvious difference of soakage between the two treatments. Drought stress could decrease the yield by reducing the grain number per spike and 1000-seed weight of black kernel wheat, but it could improve the grain quality of black kernel wheat.