大麦虫幼虫粉营养成分及其储藏特性分析

以大麦虫幼虫为研究对象,采用国家标准测定分析幼龄和老龄大麦虫幼虫粉中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、部分维生素、矿物质元素、氨基酸及脂肪酸组成,并在此基础上,探索分析幼虫粉的储藏特性.结果表明,幼龄期和老龄期鲜活幼虫中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和粗灰分的含量分别为58.13%和52.65%、16.68%和18.03%、18.71%和16.84%、1.52%和1.89%;幼龄期和老龄期幼虫粉中粗脂肪含量分别为30.02%和33.80%,其中不饱和脂肪酸所占比例分别为58.12%和58.68%,尤其是油酸和亚油酸所占比例较高;饱和脂肪酸的含量所占比例分别为41.88%和38.12%,其中棕榈酸所占比例较高(分别为30.63%和28.80%);幼龄期和老龄期幼虫粉中粗蛋白质含量分别为49.12%和45.70%;两者均含有17种氨基酸(色氨酸未测),氨基酸总量分别为42.66和39.36 g/100 g,其中畜禽必需氨基酸所占比例较高,分别为44.82%和44.41%;此外,幼虫粉中含有丰富的维生素及矿物质元素,维生素中维生素E(VE)、维生素C(VC)及维生素B₂(VB₂)含量较高,矿物质元素中钾(K)、磷(P)、锌(Zn)及铁(Fe)含量较高.幼虫粉随贮藏时间延长,温度、相对湿度及水分含量越高,酸败越明显;幼虫粉合理的储藏条件为:温度≤20 ℃,相对湿度≤60%,水分<10.0%.因此,大麦虫幼虫粉营养价值极高,可作为新型饲料资源应用于动物生产中.

Analysis on the Nutrient Composition and Storage Characteristics in the Powder of Zophobas Morio Larvae

A series of experiments were conducted to analyze moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, parts of vitamins and minerals, amino acid and fatty acid composition in the powder of Zophobas morio larvae by methods of the national standards (GB), and to investigate the storage characteristics of the powder. The results showed that the moisture, crude fat, crude protein and ash in the fresh young larvae were 58.13%, 16.68%, 18.71% and 1.52%, as well as 52.65%, 18.03%, 16.84% and 1.89% in that of the old larvae, respectively. The crude fat in the powder of young and old larvae (YOL) was 30.02% and 33.80%. The ratio of the unsaturated fatty acids to that of total fatty acids were 58.12% and 58.68%, containing high amount of oleic (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). Whereas, the ratios of the saturated fatty acids to that of total fatty acids were 41.88% and 38.12%, containing high amount of palmitic acid (30 63% and 28.80%, respectively). The crude protein in the powder of YOL was 49.12% and 45.70%. They were all comprised of 17 kinds of amino acids (Try not measured), and the contents of the total of amino acids were 42.66 and 39.36 g/100 g. The essential amino acids in YOL were high, accounting for 44.82% and 44.41% of the total amino acids. Moreover, the contents of vitamins and mineral matters were abundant in the powder of YOL, and the ratio of VE, VC and VB₂, as well as K, P, Zn and Fe were high in the vitamins and mineral matters, respectively. Rancidity of the powder of the young larvae was changed quickly under the conditions of the higher temperature, higher relative humidity and higher moisture content, with the storage time prolonged. Therefore, the proper storage conditions of the powder of the young larvae were at temperature below 20 ℃, relative humidity below 60%, with the moisture of the powder controlled less than 10.0%. So the powder of Zophobas morio larvae was developed as a new feed resource used in animal husbandry, with extremely high nutritional values.