Fleshy fruits eating birds and their role in the seed dispersal of plants in Maoer Mountain, NE China

There are 16 species of fleshy-fruit cating birds in Autumn in Maoer Mt. NE China. According to their feeding strategies. we can divide them into 3 groups: 1. Pulp-cating birds, they get nutrition from pulp. so. their seeds are defecated completely. These birds have a great effect on seed dispersal. 2. Seed-cating birds, they obtain nutrition from the seed but pulp. Seeds are digested totally. They don’t disperse seeds at all. 3. Whole-fruit-eating birds, both seed and pulp are digested when passing through gut. They don’t have any effect on seed dispersal either. Supported by NSFC 39370137 (Responsible Editor: Sun Yueqi)