包膜复合肥对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率与土壤速效氮的影响

以郑单958为材料,比较研究了复合肥(CF)与包膜复合肥(CCF)对华北平原夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率及土壤速效氮与土壤氮素表观盈亏的影响。结果表明,1)玉米产量随施氮量增大而增大,施N.180.kg/hm2时,CCF处理高于CF处理,施N.90.kg/hm2时表现相反;2)与CF处理比较,CCF处理施N.180.kg/hm2时,氮肥利用率高5.3个百分点,施N.90.kg/hm2时低2.4个百分点;3)土壤速效氮含量一般随施氮量增大而提高,各时期表土层CCF处理较CF处理高,中、下土层表现相反。大喇叭口期之前,CF处理中、下土层土壤速效氮含量高于上土层(020.cm或040cm),而CCF180处理060.cm土层高于60120.cm土层;4)不施氮,各生育阶段均出现土壤氮素表观亏缺,且吐丝后亏缺量占总亏缺量近80%;土壤氮素表观亏缺量随施氮量增大而降低,两种肥料表现一致;同等施氮量下CCF处理亏缺量较CF处理低。包膜复合肥氮素释放较平稳,对土壤速效氮向下运移的控制较好,有利于减少氮素潜在的淋洗损失。综合考虑产量、氮肥利用与氮素损失等因素,包膜复合肥用量N.180.kg/hm2是吴桥试区夏玉米季较为理想的选择。

Effect of coated compound fertilizer on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil available nitrogen in summer maize

This experiment was conducted to comparatively study the effects of compound fertilizer(CF) and coated compound fertilizer(CCF) on yield,nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),soil available N content(SANC) and apparent budget of soil N(ABSN) in summer maize in north China plain.The main results were as follows: 1) Yield increased with the increment of N application rate,and yield of CCF was higher than that of CF under N 180 kg/ha but it was contrary under N 90 kg/ha.2) Compared to CF treatment,under N 180 kg/ha,NUE of CCF treatment was higher nearly 5.3 percentage point,but it was lower 2.4 percentage point under N 90 kg/ha.3) SANC increased with the increment of N application rate generally.In all stages,SANC of CCF treatment was higher than that of CF in the top soil layer commonly,but it was contrary in middle and lower soil layers.Before 12-leaf stage,SANC of middle and lower soil layers were higher than those of upper layers(0—20 cm or 0—40 cm) in CF treatments,but in CCF180 treatments,those of 0—60 cm soil layers were higher than those of 60—120 cm soil layers.4) After summer maize season,soil N deficit(SND) appeared in all stages in zero N treatment,and about 80% of the amount of SND appeared after silking.Two types of fertilizer showed the same trend that amount of SND was decreased with the increment of N application rate,and amount of SND of CCF was lower than that of CF under the same N application rate.These results showed N release speed of CCF was slower and steadier than that of CF, and CCF was beneficial to control the downward movement of soil available N and decrease the amount of potential leaching N.Considering comprehensively yield, NUE and loss of N,CCF N 180 kg/ha is the more ideal choice for summer maize in Wuqiao experimental station.