影响冻融土壤水分入渗特性主要因素的试验研究

以冻融期间大田自然冻融土壤入渗试验为依据，分析讨论了影响冻融土壤水分入渗特性的主要因素。试验结果表明，冻融条件下，土壤水分入渗特性不仅受非冻结土壤基本理化特性（土壤结构、土壤质地、、土壤含水量等）的影响，还受冻融土壤的冻层厚度、冻层层位、冻层层数等特有因素的影响；在给定土壤质地条件下，土壤结构、土壤含水量、冻层厚度和冻层层位是其主导影响因素，冻层层数对土壤入渗能力也有一定影响。研究结果可为冻融土壤入渗特性的进一步研究奠定基础；可供季节性冻土区冬春灌溉参考。

Experimental Study on Main Factors Influencing Water Infiltration Features of Freezing and Thawing Soils

Based on the infiltration experiments of natural freezing and thawing soils in field during the freezing and thawing periods, the main factors which influence the water infiltration features of freezing and thawing soils were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results indicated that under freezing and thawing condition,the water infiltration features of freezing and thawing soils were influenced not only by these basic physics and chemistry characteristics such as soil texture, soil grade, soil moisture and so on of unfrozen soils, but also by these special factors such as thickness, position and numbers of soil frozen layers. For a kind of soil with given soil grade, soil texture, soil moisture, and the thickness, position of soil frozen layers were dominant influence factors, and the numbers of soil frozen layers had relative little influence to the ability of water infiltration into soil. The research results can be used for the foundation for the further study on the infiltration features of freezing and thawing soils and referred in winter and spring irrigation in seasonal frozen soil areas.