玉米穗位高遗传效应及其与环境互作效应分析

采用基因型×环境互作效应的加性-显性-母体遗传模型(ADM模型)分析方法，研究玉米穗位高性状遗传主效应及其与环境互作遗传效应。结果表明：玉米穗位高主要受显性效应控制，其次是受加性效应控制，同时还受显性×环境互作效应、母体×环境互作效应不同遗传控制体系基因型×环境互作效应显著影响。对穗位高性状的选择效果受环境影响较大，宜在较晚世代进行选择。育种中根据亲本穗位高在不同环境中遗传效应预测值组配杂交组合，提高玉米穗位高性状的选择效率。

Analysis of Genetic Effect and Genetype by Environment of Ear Height on Maize

An additive-dominance-maternal genetic model with genotype by environment interactions was applied to analyze genetic main effects and genotype by environment interactions for ear height on maize. The results indicated that maize ear height was mainly controlled by dominance effects, and secondly by additive effects. At the same time, genotype×environment effects had significant influence on different genetic systems of ear height, such as dominance×environment, maternal×environment. Environment had great influence on selection effect for ear height, it was suitable to select on later generation. In the maize plant type breeding, the maize parent was selected to cross according to predicted genetic effects of ear height of maize parents under different environments, and then enhance breeding efficiency for ear height trait.