丛枝菌根真菌与个体植物的关系及其对群落生产力和物种多样性的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,能够与大约80%的陆地植物种类形成AMF-植物共生体。AMF能够影响个体植物的养分吸收,调节物种间的相互作用和植被更新,进而对群落生产力和物种多样性产生重要影响。为了把握AMF与个体植物、植物种间作用以及植物群落关系的研究现状,阐明AMF对群落生产力和物种多样性的作用机制,本研究拟从以下几个方面进行论述。首先,分析了物种水平上AMF与植物间的共生关系及其影响因素,提出预测AMF在不同土壤磷水平下对植物生长影响的概念模型。其次,总结了AMF对植物种间相互作用关系以及幼苗定植的影响。最后,分析了AMF对群落生产力和物种多样性的作用机制,提出相应的预测模型。对于实际生产,本文的研究结果能够应用到牧草生产和草地管理中,为利用人工草地土壤中AMF的养分吸收功能和天然草地的多样性保育及稳定性维持提供了科学根据。对于学术研究,本文综合了国内外最新研究进展,分析了当前研究中存在的科学问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

Relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and individual plant and their effects on plant productivity and species diversity of plant community

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)are important components of terrestrial ecosystems,able to form mycorrhizal symbioses with about 80% of all terrestrial plant species.AMF play an important role in de-termining plant diversity and productivity through their influence on plant nutrient uptake and the ability to mediate plant-plant interactions.We reviewed the literature on AMF to identify the research gaps concerning the relationships between AMF and individual plants,interplant plant interactions and plant diversity and pro-ductivity focusing on three aspects.Firstly,we analyzed AMF-plant interactions and the factors influencing these interactions and developed a conceptual model illustrating the effect of soil available phosphorus levels on the mycorrhizal contribution to plant growth.Secondly,we summarized the effects of AMF on plant-plant in-teractions and seedling recruitment.Thirdly,we analyzed the effects of AMF on plant diversity and productivi-ty,and developed two conceptual models to predict the effects of soil nutrient levels on the mycorrhizal contri-bution to plant diversity and productivity.Our results could be applied to forage production and grassland man-agement to provide scientific support for the introduction of AMF when establishing pasture and for conserva-tion biodiversity in native grassland.Suggested research priorities are outlined.