外来入侵生物小火蚁国外研究进展及我国应对策略建议

小火蚁Wasmannia auropunctata(Roger)是原产于南美洲中南部热带地区的小型蚂蚁，因具有发达的螫针和较强的攻击性，其对人类和动物健康、生物多样性以及农业生产存在威胁。伴随人类活动，小火蚁已从其原生地入侵至其他热带与亚热带地区，被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列为全球最具威胁的入侵蚂蚁之一。小火蚁于2022年被报道入侵中国大陆，目前尚不清楚其入侵路径和发生程度。本文主要通过国外小火蚁的研究报道，对小火蚁的发生分布、生物生态学特性、危害特性、传播途径、监测技术以及检疫防控措施等进行简要综述，并针对我国当前小火蚁的入侵情况提出应对策略建议，以期为防控和根除小火蚁提供参考。

Research progress of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata abroad and its suggested countermeasures

The little fire ant (LFA), Wasmannia auropunctata, is native to tropical areas of central and southern region of South America. Because of its well-developed stinger and strong aggressiveness, it could cause serious damage to human and animal health, biodiversity and agricultural production. LFA has invaded other tropical and subtropical regions from its native range with human activity. LFA was listed as one of the most threatened invasive ants in the world by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It was reported that LFA successfully invaded mainland China in 2022, but the invasive route and extent were not clear yet. Based on the research reports of LFA abroad, its distribution, biological and ecological characteristics, damaging characteristics, dispersal path, monitoring techniques, quarantine and control measures were reviewed in this paper, and countermeasures were proposed for the current situation of LFA in China to provide references for its control and eradication.