Ecological fragility and forestry strategies of Heilongjiang Basin

From ecological viewpoint, the most fragile river system among the four basins in China which are Zhujiang, Changjiang, Huanghe, and Heilongjiang is Heilongjiang Basin. The reasons are long-term “paying attention to utilization rather than to maintaining” in agriculture and “paying attention to getting rather than to giving” in forestry in addition to its scarce water resource, weak self-cleaning capacity, thin and soft soil, weak capacity of vegetation recover, etc. Those cause that the resources are consumed extravagantly, and ecological environments evidently worsen. To check the situation above and carry out sustainable development of forestry, we have to change the basic concepts, to set up the nature viewpoint of harmonious development of human and nature, to acknowledge that forestry can produces not only economic products but special ecological and spiritual products as well as, of which the latter two can not enter markets for circulation so that a compensation system must be set up in the national economy, to confirm that the soil and water conservation functions of mountainous forests are the key in region planning, to keep that the minimum slope is 6° for safe guarding the soil and water of erosion in mountainous area, and forcefully to develop ecological forestry of which the core is “low lose but high efficiency.”