我国棉花品种区域试验重复次数和试点数量的设计

农作物区域试验重复次数和试点数量设置直接影响试验的遗传力和品种选择效率。本研究以2000-2014年期间长江流域、黄河流域和西北内陆棉区国家棉花区试数据为资料，依据各棉区的试验发展现状和试验遗传力随着试点数量的变化，分析重复次数和试点数量设置的合理性，提出各棉区试点数量的设置方案。结果表明: (1)我国棉花品种区域试验采用3次重复是保证试验效率的充分条件；(2)长江流域和黄河流域国家棉花区试现行的试点数量设置已经可以充分满足试验的遗传力要求，西北内陆棉区的试点数也符合遗传力达到0.75的基本要求；(3)由于棉花区域试验对品种的推荐审定和应用十分重要，试验过程中也可能会因田间管理、自然灾害或其他异常情况导致试验报废，为充分保证试验的可靠性，长江流域棉区可保持当前20个左右的试点数量，遗传力即可达到0.90的水平；黄河流域和西北内陆棉区可以分别将试点数量增加到27个和19个左右，遗传力达到0.90和0.85的水平。该结果为国家棉花区域试验的优化配置提供理论依据，也为其他作物区域试验布局提供参考。

Design of Test Location Number and Replicate Frequency in the Regional Cot-ton Variety Trials in China

The test location number and the replicate frequency in regional crop trials are important factors in determining both the trial heritability and cultivar selection efficiency. The test location number and replicate frequency for three national cotton regional trials in China were studied using experimental data during the last 15 years according to changes of trial heritability with the increase of test locations and replicates within trials in 2000–2014. The results indicated that three replicates are sufficient to achieve 0.75 of within-trial heritability. The current test locations in the Yangtze River Valley, the Yellow River Valley and the Northwest Inland regions are sufficient to achieve 0.75 of cross-trial heritability. Considering the importance of the regional trials in recommending cotton varieties and the possible trial cancellation due to poor field managements, natural disasters or other non-artificial factors, the optimum number of test locations proposed for the Yangtze River Valley should be maintained at the current level of 20 locations with H = 0.90 to ensure the enough credibility of regional trials, while that proposed for the Yellow River Valley and the Northwest Inland cotton regions should be increased to 27 and 19 locations with heritability level of 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. The conclusion will provide a theoretical guidance for the optimal configuration of national cotton regional trials and also act as a reference for the rational layout of regional trials in other crops.