陇南山区农户耕地撂荒现象剖析及盘活对策研究

耕地是保障人类社会稳定发展最根本的生产资料和资源。近年来,耕地撂荒与流失备受关注。合理高效的利用农村土地以及对农村土地非粮化的整治,减少耕地撂荒,提高耕地利用效率,是保障国家粮食安全的重要举措。以陇南市武都区蒲地乡为例,运用综述法、相关性分析法、实地调研访谈法等,针对当地165户农业种植户的耕地撂荒情况,结合其家庭及耕地的基本状况,对农户撂荒耕地现象进行了剖析,发现现阶段耕地撂荒较为严重,撂荒原因有所变化并出现一些政策性撂荒现象。对造成耕地撂荒的各因素进行了分析,提出了撂荒耕地的盘活对策:改善种植条件,提高农业生产效率;完善基础设施建设,加大政策扶持,鼓励人才返乡;提升农产品品质,打造特色农业;发展乡村振兴,开拓农村市场;建立健全农业保险机制,降低种植风险。

Study on the Analysis of Abandonments of Farmlands in the Mountainous Area of Longnan and the Countermeasures for Invigorating

Farmland is the most fundamental means of production and resources to ensure the stable development of human society. In recent years, the abandonment and loss of farmlands have attracted much attention. It is an important measure to ensure national food security to make reasonable and efficient use of rural land, contribute the improvement of non-grain agricultural land, reduce the abandonment of arable land, and improve the utilization efficiency of farmland. Taking Pudi Township, Wudu District, Longnan as an example, this paper analyzed the abandonment of farmlands of 165 local farmers by using the method of review, correlation analysis and field survey and interview, combined with the basic conditions of their families and farmlands, it was found out that the abandonment of farmlands is serious at present, the causes of abandonment have changed, and some policy abandonment phenomena have occurred. The factors causing the abandonment of farmlands were analyzed, and the invigorating countermeasures were put forward i.e., improving planting conditions and improving agricultural production efficiency, improving infrastructure construction and policy support, encouraging human resources to return home, improving the quality of agricultural products to create characteristic agriculture, developing rural revitalization and developing rural markets, and establishing a sound agricultural insurance mechanism to reduce planting risks.