北方灌区节水农业发展若干问题探讨

农业是中国的用水大户,主要消耗于灌溉,约占总用水量的90%。发展灌区节水农业是缓解农业用水紧张状况的必由之路。以山东省为例,通过对水资源短缺状况及灌溉和灌溉水利用现状的分析,指出中国北方灌区节水农业存在的主要问题。提出北方灌区节水农业研究的重点领域:注重农艺节水技术研究;雨水资源的高效利用;节水型种植结构研究;设施条件下的节水理论与技术研究;非充分灌溉制度地研究确立;开展生物节水技术地研究与应用。

Water Saving Agriculture Development in Irrigated Area of North China

Agriculture consumes the largest Part of water resources in China, main using for irrigation, which is about 90 percent of all. So developing water saving agriculture in irrigated areas is the only road to alleviate the water shortage. Taking Shan Dong province as an example, through the analysis of shortage of water resources, present situation of irrigation and irrigation water using, the main problems exiting in water saving agriculture in irrigated areas of north China were discussed. It is pointed out that the main research area of water saving agriculture in such areas should be as follows: paying more attention to the research of agronomy water saving techniques; high efficiency using of rainfall resources; water saving planting structure; water saving theory and techniques in protected cultivation; establishing insufficient irrigation schedule; promoting the research of biology water saving techniques.