不同磷肥对土壤化学性状及烤烟生长的影响

长期磷肥的不合理施用成为烤烟品质的限制因子。通过深入了解磷肥的土壤效应及对烤烟生长的影响， 确定磷肥最佳配方。利用 DPS与 SPSS软件， 采用随机区组设计单因素田间试验研究不同高磷肥料对土壤化学性状及烤烟生长的影响。研究过程分不同磷肥配方设计、 土壤化学性状研究与烤烟生长研究 3个步骤。首先进行不同配方磷肥田间设计， 其次土壤取样测定、 冠层结构指标测定、 叶绿素测定、 烤后烟物理特性测定与根系测定， 最后进行方差分析与多重比较， 提出磷肥配方方案。通过方差分析得出： 高磷提苗肥能显著提高土壤碱解氮(F=7.9375， P=0.0068)、 速效磷(F=6.2115， P=0.0145)、 速效钾含量(F=5.9213， P=0.0158)、 烤烟的叶面积指数(F=4.112， P=0.0433)与烤烟成熟期光合有效辐射(F=4.6775， P=0.0378)， 能提高土壤有机质含量， 提高烟叶物理特性， 是防控土壤酸化的有效措施之一，有利烤烟根系生长； 高磷基肥 II 型能显著提高土壤碱解氮含量(F=5.112， P=0.0237)、 速效钾含量(F=5.20， P=0.0177)与烤烟的叶面积指数 (F=3.9621， P=0.0495)， 能显著降低土壤 pH(F=4.2351， P= 0.0411)， 有利烤烟根系生长； 高磷基肥 I型提高土壤有机质含量 16.61%。上述高磷肥料均可促进烤烟生长与成熟， 提高烤烟旺长期与成熟期的叶面积指数 1.26%~31.69%， 提高烤烟成熟期光合有效辐射2.04%~11.51%， 对湘西州缺磷土壤有重要指导意义。

Effects of Different Types of Phosphate Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties and Flue-cured Tobacco Growth

Long-term unreasonable application of phosphate fertilization is the limiting factor to the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The paper aims to understand phosphate fertilizer effect on soil and its influence on fluecured tobacco growth, and determine the best P formula. Effects of different types of phosphate fertilizer on soil chemical properties and flue-cured tobacco growth were studied by field experiment and soil testing with the DPS and SPSS software, and the single factor randomized block design. Researches on different phosphate fertilizer formula designs, soil chemical properties and flue- cured tobacco growth were conducted in three steps. First was the field design of different formulas of phosphate fertilizer, then was the soil sampling determination, determination of canopy structure index, chlorophyll, physical properties after baking smoke and root system, and finally were the analysis of variance and multiple comparison, and the establishment of the scheme of phosphate fertilizer formula. Variance analysis demonstrated that the contents of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen (F=7.9375, P=0.0068) and soil available potassium (F=6.2115, P=0.0145) and soil available phosphorus (F=5.9213, P=0.0158) and tobacco leaf area index (F=4.112, P=0.0433) and photosynthetic active radiation (F=4.6775, P=0.0378) in maturing stages of flue-cured tobacco were increased significantly by mono-ammonium phosphate, physical characters of flue-cured tobacco were improved, it was one of the effective measures to prevent and control soil acidification, and was favorable to root growth of fluecured tobacco. The contents of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (F=5.112, P=0.0237) and soil available phosphorus (F=5.20, P=0.0177) and tobacco leaf area index (F=3.9621, P=0.0495) were increased significantly by high phosphorus basal fertilizer type II, and soil pH (F=4.2351, P=0.0411) was decreased significantly, it was favorable to root growth of flue- cured tobacco. The contents of soil organic matter were increased by high phosphorus basal fertilizer type I, high phosphorus basal fertilizer could promote the growth and maturity of flue-cured tobacco, improve leaf area index of flue-cured tobacco in vigorous growth stages and maturing stages by 1.26%-31.69%, and improve photosynthetic active radiation of flue-cured tobacco in maturing stages by 2.04%- 11.51% . This is of great significance in directing fertilizer application in the phosphorus deficiency soil in Xiangxi Zhou.