黑杨花粉活力和柱头可授性研究

目的]测定黑杨的花粉活力和柱头可授性,为黑杨派树种有性繁殖的研究提供参考。方法]以黑杨派树种钻天杨、欧美杨109、山海关杨雄株为材料,采用离体萌发法测定花粉活力。采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定山海关杨、欧美杨108雌株柱头的可授性。结果]在温室水培条件下,黑杨派树种雄花的散粉期为0.5～2.0d,其中钻天杨的较长,为27h;山海关杨的散粉期最短,仅有6h。花粉活力以欧美杨109的最强,为23.4%～30.9%;山海关杨的活力为11.3%～17.3%。黑杨派树种雌花可授期为3～4d,其中山海关杨花期较长,为4d;欧美杨108的为3d。黑杨雌花的柱头从开花到萎蔫一直保持可授性,其中山海关杨在第3天可授性最强,欧美杨108在第2～3天可授性最强。山海关杨的柱头可授性最强时,张开的角度为150°～180°,欧美杨108整个花期柱头形态未有大的变化。结论]不同黑杨派树种间在花粉活力和柱头可授性方面都表现出较大的差异。

Research on the Section Aigeiros Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity for Pollen

Objective]The references for the research on the sexual reproduction of section Aigeiros was provided through the determination of its pollen viability and stigma receptivity.Method] The male tree of section Aigeiros——Zuantianyang,Oumeiyang 109 and Shanhaiguanyang being taken as experimental material,the pollen viability of these trees was determined with in vitro germination of pollen;and stigma receptivity of the female plant of Shanhaiguanyang and Oumeiyang 109 was tested with the method of Benzidine-Hydrogen Peroxide.Results] The period of pollen-releasing of male plant of section Aigeiros was 0.5-2.0 days under the hydroponic culture condition in greenhouse,among which,that of the male plant of Zuantianyang was a little longer with 27 hours and Shanhaiguanyang,the shortest with only 6 hours.In the pollen viability,the Oumeiyang 109 was strongest with 23.4%-30.9%;and the Shanhaiguanyoung,11.3%-17.3%.The day of the stigma receptivity for pollen of section Aigeiros was 3-4 days,among which,the Shanhaiguanyang was longer with 4 days;and the Oumeiyang 109,3 days.The stigma in the female flower of the plant had kept the ability in its receptivity for pollen from its flowering to its wilting,among which,the receptivity of Shanhaiguanyang was strongest on the third day and the Oumeiyang 109,from the second to third day.The open angle of the stigma of Shanhaiguanyang was 150°-180° while its receptivity was in strongest time.There was obvious morphologic variation of the Oumeiyang 109 stigma during flowering period.Conclusion]There was large difference in the pollen viability and stigma receptivity among the section Aigeiros.