防控大豆病害的农药登记现状及发展对策

在分析大豆生产和病害危害的基础上,对我国大豆生产中防控病害的农药登记现状进行了统计分析。目前我国大豆上登记的杀菌剂有效成分12个,产品64个,分别占61个总有效成分数量的19.67%,306个总产品数量的20.92%;其中福美双、多菌灵和克百威不同配比的混配产品在2002年前占登记杀菌剂产品的82%以上;登记的靶标病害包括大豆根腐病、紫斑病、孢囊线虫病、锈病和病毒病等5种,占国内已经报道的33种病害总数的15.15%。目前丁硫克百威、毒死蜱和阿维菌素等替代高毒的克百威与福美双、多菌灵混配的种衣剂产品登记发展较快;甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂嘧菌酯和三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑先后取得登记,对防控大豆锈病等具有较好效果。建议加速具有针对性、超前性的杀菌剂新有效成分及新产品的研究开发,推进"小范围使用登记",促进我国大豆病害防控的可持续发展。

Present situation and developing strategies for registered agrochemicals used for the control of soybean diseases

Now there are 61 active ingredients and 306 agrochemicals that have been registered on soybean,including 12 fungicide active ingredients and 64 products that are for the control of 5 kinds of soybean diseases:the root rot,nematodes,purple spot,rust and virus.Before 2002,the registered agrochemicals were mainly mixed with carbendazim,thiram and carbofuran,accounting for more than 82%of the total fungicide products.Since 2002,carbofuran was restricted because of high toxicity,SO that chlorpyrifos and abamectin has been mixed with carbendazim and thiram for registration.Recently,with soybean rust getting worse,azoxystrobin,tebuconazole,difenoconazole and propiconazole have been used to register for its contr01.For the sustainable development of soybean production,registration of more effective fungicides for controlling soybean diseases should be accelerated,and special registration for minor-use should be encouraged.